1. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Lesson C Material Basics

2. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Wood Basics Characteristics –Inexpensive, strong, easy to work with, long-lasting If properly protected and maintained –Combustible Framing uses softwood Lumber may be classified as: –Timber: 5 inches or thicker –Dimension: 2 to 4 inches thick and of any width –Boards: 1 to 1.5 inches thick and 2 inches or wider

3. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure D-2 Dimension Lumber.

4. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Wood Basics (cont’d.) Visual grading system –Based on size and use Moisture and shrinkage in unseasoned horizontal members –Can make floors uneven “Green” structural members –Can warp, twist, and shrink May cause connectors to fail

5. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Wood Basics (cont’d.) Size of wood beam depends on: –Load it has to carry –Strength of the lumber Most common size of wood posts for residential and commercial buildings: –4 × 4 feet, 4 × 6 feet Wood sheathing: –Plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) –Replaces boards for most applications

6. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure S-1 Sheathing. (Courtesy of Kathleen Siegel.)

7. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

8. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

9. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Steel Basics Characteristics: –Versatile, uniform quality, and great strength in compression and tension Standard grade in building construction –Carbon steel, ASTM grade A-36 Loses strength at 1000° F Popular in commercial and industrial buildings

10. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Steel Basics (cont’d.) Decking –Supports concrete slabs and suspended ceilings Exterior walls: –Metal panels, precast curtain walls, or masonry Common hot-rolled steel shapes –Wide-flange beam (W); American Standard Beam (S) Cold-formed structural shapes –Used for secondary members in pre-engineered metal buildings

11. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure S-17 Suspended Ceilings.Figure C-20 Curtain Wall.

12. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure P-13 Purlin. (Courtesy of Kathleen Siegel.) Figure S-13 Strut.

13. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Steel Basics (cont’d.) Steel studs –Used in Type I Fire Resistive and Type II Non- combustible buildings –Size/gauge dependent on location/loading conditions Steel columns –Wide flange, pipe, and structural tubing Steel decking –Flat or ribbed 12- to 16-gauge sheets –Used for floors/roofs with poured-over concrete slabs

14. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

15. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Masonry Basics Characteristics –Durable –Fire- and heat-resistant –Sound-insulating properties –Fast and easy to put up; little maintenance –Choices of texture, color, style, and pattern –Heavy material, high compression strength Requires steel reinforcement in earthquake zones –Little tensile or flexural strength

16. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Masonry Basics (cont’d.) Typical examples –Concrete block, brick, and stone with mortar and/or grout Uses –Load-bearing and nonbearing walls for interior and exterior applications –Below and above grade for piers and columns, fire walls, and curtain walls ASTM grades describes structural properties

17. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure F-7 Fire Wall.Figure R-3 Rebar.

18. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Masonry Basics (cont’d.) Concrete masonry units (CMUs) –Typically 8 × 8 × 16 inches –Used for wall thicknesses of 8 to 16 inches Steel connectors –Joins masonry walls with wood/steel roofs and floors Unprotected wide-flange beams –Support floors and roofs –Susceptible to elongation when heated –May cause failure of the masonry wall

19. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Concrete Basics Characteristics –Noncombustible, heavy, and brittle material with great compressive strength Uses: floors, walls, roofs, columns, beams Steel reinforcement necessary for floors, foundations, columns, and beams Prestressing develops greater load-carrying capabilities with less weight Pretensioning used for precast concrete

20. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Concrete Basics (cont’d.) Posttensioning used for cast-in-place concrete Thickness of exterior concrete walls: –Depends on design load and fire-resistance requirements Precast tilt-up walls are usually cast off-site Walls are cast on-site Wall panels are lifted and then braced to the floor slab

21. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Figure C-2 Cast-in-Place Concrete.

22. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Concrete Basics (cont’d.) Panels are joined together by: –Welding them to steel columns –Joining them to cast-in-place concrete pilasters Concrete beams: –Typically rectangular –Used to carry floor and roof loads –Reinforced with steel to resist tension Prestressing beams –Creates greater load-carrying capacity

23. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

24. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Instructor Resources for Summary Wood –Inexpensive, strong, easy to work with, long-lasting, but combustible Steel –Versatile, uniform quality, and great strength Masonry –Durable, fire- and heat-resistant, sound-insulating Concrete –Noncombustible, heavy, great compressive strength