1. Cory Tanner Consumer Horticulture Agent/Master Gardener Coordinator

2. Terminology Botany: the science of plants Anatomy: internal structure Morphology: external structure/form Taxonomy: the classification of plants Physiology: study of plant growth and development

3. Vascular Plants Ferns Cone Bearing Plants Flowering Plants Dicots Monocots

4. Terminology Gymnosperm – “naked seed” Has no flower or ovary (fruit); only cones All conifers (pines, cedars, arborvitae) Angiosperm – “vessel seeded” Has a flower with an ovary (fruit) All flowering plants Divided into Monocots and Dicots

5. Terminology Dicotyledons (Dicots): - flowering plants that contain two seed leaves Monocotyledons (Monocots): - flowering plants that possess one seed leaf

6. MonocotDicot

7. Plant Parts Plant parts fall into two categories: a) vegetative b) sexual reproductive

8. Meristems Apical Meristems (aka Terminal Buds) Found at shoot and root tips Produce stems, roots, leaves, and lateral buds Responsible for shoot/root length (Primary Growth) Lateral Meristems (aka Cambium) Located laterally along stems and roots Responsible for increases in stem/root girth (Secondary Growth)

9. Vascular Tissues Xylem – transports water and mineral nutrients from roots to stems and leaves. Phloem – transports sugars (photosynthates) from leaves to other plant parts. Can move “sap” up or down. Xylem and phloem arranged in vascular bundles.

10. Roots Functions of Roots: 1. absorption (water and mineral) 2. structural support 3. storage Types of Roots: 1. radicle – seed root 2. primary root – tap root 3. lateral root

11. Root Anatomy

12. Above Ground

13. * * * * * * Stem Parts

14. Stem Anatomy

15. Tree Trunk Components

16. Types of Buds

18. Vine Morphology

20. blade petiole midrib Leaf Parts

21. Leaf Anatomy

22. Leaf Arrangement Leaf Types

23. Leaf Venation Venation refers to the pattern in which the veins are distributed in the leaf blade Parallel or Net-veined Net-veined can be either pinnate or palmate

25. Sepals - small, green, leaf-like structures on the base of the flower Petals - highly colored parts of the flower Stamen - male reproductive parts Pistil - female reproductive parts Flower Anatomy

27. Perfect flower - has a stamen, pistil, petal and sepals. Incomplete flower - missing one of the four parts Complete flower - has a stamen and pistil Imperfect flower - has either stamen (staminate) or a pistil (pistillate)

28. Dioecious - have staminate (male) and pistillate (female) on separate plants i.e., hollies. Monoecious - have male and female flowers on the same plant i.e., squash and cucumbers. Flower Anatomy

29. Inflorescences: flower arrangements

30. Pollination Cross-pollination - pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another. Self-pollination - the stigma is pollinated by pollen from the same plant. Fertilization - ovule (egg) is fertilized by the sperm from the pollen grain.

31. Fruit Seed An enlarged ovary. -Simple -Aggregate -Multiple A mature ovule, that contains the embryo and cotyledons (starch filled food source).

32. Growth Cycles Annual: A plant that completes its lifecycle in one growing season. Winter annuals survive the winter, summer annuals survive the summer. Biennial: A plant the requires two growing seasons to complete its lifecycle. Herbaceous perennial: A non-woody plant that lives for several years. It’s shoots die back every winter. Woody perennial: A tree or shrub