1. ® Volunteered geographic information (VGI) and Open Standards © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Mark Reichardt President & CEO mreichardt@opengeospatial.org +1 301 840-1361

2. OGC ® Interoperability Defined as the ability of diverse systems, applications and organizations to work together (inter-operate). Affords us opportunity to save time, reduce cost, increase flexibility, protect assets and lives © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium2

3. OGC ® Geospatial Information and Technologies Inform and Enhance Decision Making Emergency / Disaster Management Aviation Flight Information / Safety Meteorology, Hydrology, Ocean Monitoring © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Source: DigitalGlobe

4. OGC ® Global Framework of Geospatial Standards OGC / ISO Rapid discovery, access, fusion and application of location information for: Catalogue Geography Markup Language KML Observations and Measurements SensorML Sensor Observation Service Sensor Planning Service Web Coverage Service Web Feature Service Web Map Service Web Map Tile Service Web Processing Service http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards

5. OGC ® Then: Now: Today – A myriad of geospatial data sources and producers

6. OGC ® Thousands of Data Sources The number of sources of GEO data is increasing geometrically, e.g –UAVS –Mobile Devices –Citizen Scientists –Increase in Space borne and airborne sensors –CCTVs, Flood gauges In many cases there are untapped resources Increasing complexity © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

7. OGC ® VGI / Crowdsourcing Observations Inclusive - everyone can participate and contribute, gives a great sense of contributing to society Additional, often critically important data, can augment and shape authoritative data Often minimal provenance and data quality indicators Works well for it’s original purpose, but often difficult to repurpose (lack of metadata, cataloging) VGI can be user observed or feeds from user established sensors / IoT Standards can support and simplify VGI capture, processing and integration © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

8. OGC ® Social Networking User Generated Information / Crowdsourcing Platforms Source: http://www.sahanafoundation.org Source: www.inrelief.orgwww.inrelief.org Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/ Source: Erik (HASH) Hersman. Flickr Ushahidi InRelief OpenStreetMap Sahana MapAction Commercial

9. OGC ® Location Enabling SMS Messaging: OGC Open GeoSMS Characteristics –Multilingual –Multi-device –Harmonized with many existing applications –Incorporates relevant ISO standards Significant potential for many applications Adopted in 2011 Submitted to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

10. OGC ® Open GeoSMS for Volunteers to Contribute POIs 10 Mobile App from GeoThings

11. OGC ® Sahana and OGC Open GeoSMS 11http://eden.sahanafoundation.org/downloads/SahanaGeoSMSerV5.apk

12. OGC ® Advancing Mobility - OGC GeoPackage The OGC GeoPackage standard is a universal file format for geodata. –open, standards-based, application and platform independent, and self-describing. –Works on any desktop or mobile OS –For use in a connected / disconnected environment GeoPackage - the modern alternative to formats like GeoTIFF, SDTS and vendor specific Experience it here: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/geopackage http://www.ogcnetwork.net/geopackage

13. OGC ® What does GeoPackage make easier? emailing data web site publishing sharing data on a USB stick mobile apps file-based access © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

14. OGC ® 14 OGC Web Services Testbed 9 Haiti Evacuation Scenario © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium WFS Mediate and Conflate User preferred data model WFS NGAUSGSTwitterUsahidi WFS OSM WFS Emergency Responder Uses a Geospatial Client that can process OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) Available data – different information models)

15. OGC ® Mediation and Conflation © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Identification Feature conflation –Is it the same feature? Semantic Inconsistencies –Name of the feature –Name of the attributes Geometric Conflation –Points matching –Polygons matching

16. OGC ® Examples of Clients Implementing WFS © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

17. OGC ® Arctic Sensor Web Platform Challenges for Arctic Geospatial and Sensor Data – difficult and costly to collect data – coverage is sparse – data are not updated – one area, many countries As a result, data sharing becomes critical!! – example: Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) The Arctic Sensor Web Platform provides easy-to-use tools allowing ANYONE to publish and share their sensing devices over the Web via interoperable OGC interfaces. Funded by GeoConnections, developed by SensorUp Inc. (a University of Calgary startup) 17

18. OGC ® Arctic Sensor Web Platform Base map is based on Open Street Map data – use VGI to solve the data sparsity problem – server live-synced with OSM database, latest updates are synced within minutes Note that map tiles are NOT in web mercator projection – currently available in six different polar projections 18 Source: Steve Liang, University of Calgary

19. OGC ® Arctic Sensor Web Platform The Platform is based on OGC SensorThings (a candidate standard being advanced in the OGC for 2015 adoption) 19 http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/sensorthings Source: Steve Liang, University of Calgary

20. OGC ® Arctic Sensor Web Platform Any one can contribute data to the Arctic Sensor Web by using an open source hardware device. 20 Wireless Module Temperature Humidity Ethernet CPU Storage CO Dust Hydrogen Gas Citizen sensing prototype based on the open source Netduino platform Source: Steve Liang, University of Calgary

21. OGC ® Arctic Sensor Web Platform 21 Source: Steve Liang, University of Calgary

22. OGC ® Need for Policy and Legal Frameworks Some Considerations: –Ownership –Intellectual Property Rights –Licensing Terms –Liability –Privacy Jurisdictional differences in law and policy for the above Some References: Some legal concerns with the use of crowd-sourced Geospatial Information, George Cho, University of Canberra, http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/20/1/012040/pdf/1755- 1315_20_1_012040.pdf http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/20/1/012040/pdf/1755- 1315_20_1_012040.pdf THE ODbL AND OPENSTREETMAP: ANALYSIS AND USE CASES, Center for Spatial Law and Policy, http://www.spatiallaw.com/Uploads/ODbL_and_OpenStreetMap __Analysis_and_Use_Cases_.pdf http://www.spatiallaw.com/Uploads/ODbL_and_OpenStreetMap __Analysis_and_Use_Cases_.pdf http://irevolution.net/2014/10/21/code-of-conduct-cyber-crowdsourcing-for-good/ Robin Taylor, Kate Chapman, Brooke Simons

23. Thank You Mark Reichardt mreichardt@opengeospatial.org +1 301 840-1361 http://www.opengeospatial.org/ http://www.youtube.com/user/ogcvideo/videos