1. EDUC 2301: Introduction to Special Populations School Climate Chapter 3 A Changing Society

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Lower Order/Basic/Deficiency Needs 1.Biological and physiological needs 2.Safety needs 3.Belongingness and love needs Higher Order/Growth Needs 4. Esteem needs 5. Cognitive needs 6. Aesthetic needs 7. Self-actualization needs 8. Transcendence needs

3. What can Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs teach us about vital school climate elements? In applying what we understand from Maslow about the effects of our needs on motivation, we recognize that, at a minimum, students must feel safe in schools. Students and their families must be able to trust that they will be acknowledged, valued, attended, respected, and included. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

4. What is incivility and how does it affect school climate? Incivility is the quality of conveying rudeness and disrespect including school community member lack of manners, decorum, deportment, and politeness. Such conditions negatively affect school community members’ feelings of safety, acceptance, inclusion, and productivity. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

5. Incivility: Bullying and Mobbing Behaviors Bullying involves the act of intimidating or dominating a weaker person and may involve humiliation, degradation, gossip, and verbal and physical abuse. Mobbing encompasses various forms of bully behavior including the starting of rumors, slander and discipline, demotion, or loss of rights or position. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6. What is school climate and why is it important? School climate is a general term that refers to the feel, atmosphere, tone, ideology, or milieu of a school. A positive and sustained school climate promotes students’ socio-emotional and academic achievement. Positive school climate also promotes teacher retention, which itself, enhances student success. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

7. Four Essential Dimensions of School Climate Safety Teaching and Learning Interpersonal Relationships Institutional Environment ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

8. School Climate Effects The climate of a school sets the stage for encouraging or discouraging student motivation and achievement. School climate also directly affects students’ self-concept, life chances, and opportunities as well as students’ views of the importance of schooling, academic futility, alienation and opposition to school curricula and officials. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

9. For Reflection and Discussion 1. How might teacher incivility affect student learning? 2. How are the elements for each of the four dimensions of school climate particularly significant for minority students and families? ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.