1. 1 Welcome to Unit 5 Non-Communicable Diseases

2. 2 Unit 5 Required Reading Chapter 6: Non-communicable Diseases Pages: 87-98

3. 3 Non-Communicable Diseases What is a non-communicable disease (NCD)? A disease that is not contagious Generally has risk factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, or environment. Together non-communicable diseases represent the majority of causes of death and disability in most developed countries. They include such diseases as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, depression, diabetes, asthma and stroke (to name a few).

4. 4 Epidemiological Transition What is epidemiological transition? “Epidemiological transition describes the changing pattern of diseases that has been seen in many countries as they have experienced social and economic development” (Riegleman, 2010, p. 88). Reference: Riegleman, R. (2010). Public health 101: Healthy people – healthy populations. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett

5. 5 Epidemiological Transition Most deaths in underdeveloped countries are related to infections and contagious diseases. As social and economic development progresses, non-communicable diseases become the predominate cause of death. Countries that are socially and economically developed have an increase in non- communicable diseases, but also continue to combat communicable diseases as well, such as HIV/AIDs, influenzas, drug resistant bacterial infections and sexually transmitted diseases

6. 6 Screening for Disease Purpose of Screening for Disease To test individuals who are asymptomatic (experiencing no symptoms) of a disease. To catch a disease early on in the disease process. To reduce disability and deaths

7. 7 Types of Screening Programs Breast cancer Colon cancer Vision and hearing impairments Diabetes Kidney disease Hypertension Cholesterol Can you list anymore?

8. 8 Four Criteria for an Ideal Screening Program 1.The disease that is being screened for is known to produce substantial number of deaths and/or disabilities. 2.Early detection is possible and improves outcomes. 3.There is a feasible testing strategy for screening. 4.Screening is acceptable in terms of harms, costs, and patient acceptance.

9. 9 Unit 1 Review Public health is a science Public health differs from medicine Public health consists of 5 distinct disciplines (epidemiology, statistics, biomedical, social and behavioral, and environmental health) Public health focuses on 3 types of preventions (primary, secondary and tertiary)

10. 10 Unit 1 Review Continued Public health is very much concerned with the determinants of health. Determinants are underlying factors that may not be all that obvious at first glance, but play a significant role in bringing about disease. We learned that John Snow, often referred to as, “the father of epidemiology” was the first to use the scientific study to determine the source of cholera at the Broad St. pump.

11. 11 Unit 2 Review Health informatics Health communication Quality health information on the Internet: what to look for to determine a quality and credible source of information Vital Statistics: what are they, who collects them and why are they important?

12. 12 Unit 2 Review Continued 6 Ss of sources of public health data : single case or small series, vital statistics, surveys/sampling, self-reports, sentinel monitoring, and Syndromic surveillance. Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) Morbidity Mortality Disability-Adjusted Life Year Japan: longest life expectancy at approximately 83 years.

13. 13 Unit 2 Continued 3 Basic Approaches to Clinical Decision Making Inform of decision Informed consent Shared decision making

14. 14 Unit 3 Review Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health Socioeconomic Culture Religion

15. 15 Unit 3 Review Continued Change Model Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

16. 16 Unit 4 Review Terms to Know Police power Negative rights Substantive due process Procedural due process Authoritative decision

17. 17 Unit 4 Review Continued Characteristics of Market justice Views health care as an economic good Assumes free market conditions for health service delivery Assumes that markets are more efficient in allocating resources equitably Production and distribution of health care determined by market-based demand Medical care distribution is based on people’s ability to pay Access to medical care is viewed as an economic reward for personnel effort and achievement.

18. 18 Unit 4 Review Continued Characteristics of Social Justice Health care is viewed as a social resource; just like public education. The government should actively govern and monitor health care, its services and delivery. The government is more efficient in allocating health resources equitably. Central planning, rather than private is best in allocating health care resources Everyone, regardless of their ability to pay should have equal access to health care Equal access to health care is a basic right for every human being.

19. 19 Unit 4 Review Continued Quarantine as a Public Health Authority Quarantine defined The practice of quarantine dates back to ancient Roman days Today’s use of quarantine

20. 20 Unit 4 Review Continued Nuremberg Code: Ten principles Belmont Report: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice

21. 21 Unit 5 Written Assignment Course Project Outline Requirements Cover page (APA format) Outline: generally 1 to 2 pages No reference page required See format to follow on Unit 5 home page under the icon “project” Size 12 font, Times New Roman font style, 1” margins Double space entire paper! No Bold print, underlining, or photos Submit to Dropbox by 11:59 pm Tuesday

22. 22 Midterm Exam Comprehensive: Covers material from Unit 1 thru Unit 5. 50 multiple choice questions (2 pts. each). Timed exam: 4 hours Exam can only be opened once All information on the exam comes from the textbook No extensions will be granted Complete and submit by 11:59 pm Tuesday

23. 23 Unit 5 To-Do-List Submit original response to the DB by midnight Saturday and 2 responses to classmates’ posts by Sunday (midnight). Study material for midterm exam and take the exam when you feel prepared, but before 11:59 pm Tuesday Complete the Unit 5 written assignment and submit to the Dropbox by 11:59 pm Tuesday (you can submit a rough draft to me via email no later that midnight EST Sunday) Contact me with any questions or concerns via email or phone call.