1. Civil War’s Effects on Texas Chapter 14.3

2. Civil War (1861-1865)  Although there were no major battles in Texas, the war had a serious, long-term impact on social and economic life.

3. Civil War Casualties  620,000 soldiers died from combat, starvation & disease during the Civil War, making it the bloodiest war in U.S. history.

4. Unionists  Those loyal to the Union (North) had a hard time in Confederate Texas.  Some left to fight for the Union.  Others hid to avoid the Confederate draft.

5. Economy  Union victories along the Mississippi River closed land routes to other Confederate states.  As a result, Texans could not sell their cotton & began growing food crops (wheat & corn) instead.

6. Economy  Because the Union closed Texas ports, goods could not be shipped in or out.  As a result, there were fewer goods & higher prices.  Many had to change their diets & find substitutes.

7. Women  As men went off to fight in the war, women had to fill jobs in farms, stores, ranches & factories.

8. Did You Know?  About 250 women fought in the Confederate Army. They disguised themselves as men by cutting their hair short & wearing false mustaches.

9. Slaves  During the Civil War, thousands of slaves were sent to Texas from other Southern states.  Slaveholders wanted to keep them from running away or from being taken by the Union army.