1. In World War I

2. Great Britain Triple Entente / Allies Constitutional Monarchy House of Windsor (dynasty) - King George V Large navy, very industrialized George V

3. Areas in pink are British Colonies or in the British Commonwealth Sphere of Influence in China India Canada South Africa - Egypt Australia

4. France Triple Entente / Allies Republic Hates Germany since they lost the Franco- Prussian War in 1871 Wants territories of Alsace & Lorraine back

5. French Colonies in Africa and Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) African Colonies

6. Russia Triple Entente / Allies Officially a Constitutional Monarchy but the czar was still trying to rule autocratically Romanov Dynasty – Czar Nicholas II Multicultural Lost war with Japan 1904-5 Protector of the Balkan Slavs, would like to unite the Slavs under Russia Austria-Hungary seen as a threat in the Balkans Possibility of revolution in the country Poorly equipped army George V and Nicholas II Cousins – both grandchildren of Christian IX of Denmark Nicholas II

7. Russia Japan Balkans

8. Germany Triple Alliance / Central Powers Constitutional Monarchy Hohenzollern - Kaiser William II Growing navy, militaristic, industrial Cousin of George V (shared Queen Victoria as a grandmother) Cousin of Nicholas II’s wife Kaiser Wilhelm II

9. Germany and her African and Asian colonies in green China

10. Austria-Hungary Triple Alliance / Central Powers Conservative Monarchy Hapsburgs - Emperor Francis Joseph (since 1848 revolution) Takes control of Bosnia in 1908, upsetting Serbia Wants control of the entire Balkan peninsula (powder keg of Europe) Francis Joseph

11. Austria-Hungary and the Balkan peninsula

12. Japan Allies Conservative Monarchy Emperor Yoshihito Becoming an industrial nation Controls the areas of Korea & Formosa Joins the Allies because then Japan can take German territory in the Pacific (Tsingtao in China and New Guinea) Emperor Yoshihito

13. Korea Japan Formosa (Taiwan)

14. Italy Originally Triple Alliance then switched to the Allies in 1915 Constitutional Monarchy King Victor Emmanuel III Wants Trieste & Tyrol from Austria-Hungary Lacks modern military equipment Victor Emmanuel III

15. Italy controls Libya (won from Turkey in 1912 & Somaliland (gained in a treaty)

16. United States Democratic Republic Woodrow Wilson, president Industrial nation Declares neutrality & complains of a lack of “freedom of the seas” when US ships are seized or American passengers on foreign ships die. US protects the Philippines, Alaska, Hawaii, Panama Canal Joins the Allies in 1917 Woodrow Wilson

17. Alaska Philippines Panama Canal US Territories

18. Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Autocratic Monarchy Joins Central Powers against longtime rival Russia Sultan Mahommed V (but the Young Turks are taking control) Multicultural “Controls” large parts of the Middle East Nickname “sick man of Europe” Mahommed V

19. Ottoman Empire and the Middle East

20. Bulgaria Puppet government under the Ottoman Empire until they won independence with Russia’s help in 1878. A few territories were linked together until 1908 when Prince Ferdinand broke Bulgaria away and declared Bulgaria an independent kingdom naming himself king. Joins the Central Powers because they felt Russian had not helped them enough in the Balkan Wars King Ferdinand

21. 1914 Europe (Ottoman Empire) Allied Powers Central Powers Neutral (Great Britain)