1. Epidamnos and Kerkyra 435: The democrats of Epidamnos appeal to mother city Kerkyra for help. Kerkyra blockades Epidamnos The oligarchic party of Epidamnos appeals to Corinth Now the conflict is between Kerkyra and mother city Corinth (an uneasy relationship)

2. Kerkyra town

3. Kerkyra Landscape

4. Athens and Corinth The Corinthians are defeated outside Ambrakia, but they come back The Kerkyrians alarmed appeal to Athens Perikles knows that an alliance with Korkyra will result to a direct conflict with Corinth, and persuades the Assembly to conclude a defensive alliance 433: Corinthian defeat at Sybota

5. Kerkyra Paleokastritsa

6. Kerkyra facing the mainland

7. Potidaia and Megara Potidaia revolts from Athens and appeals to Corinth and Sparta Sparta secretly pledges to go to war 432: Megarian Decree: The Megarians are excluded from the harbours of the Athenian empire. A congress at Sparta leads to decision for war.

8. Corinth Lechaion

9. Resources and plans Athens: 300 triremes Sparta: 50,000 hoplites Pericles decides to ware down the Spartans by avoiding conflict by land, and carrying out offensive warfare by sea. Negotiations prove futile; an uneasy peace precedes the forthcoming storm.

10. The beginning of hostilities 431: Thebes attacks Plataia unsuccessfully Archidamos, king of Sparta invades Attica The Athenians do not come out to fight Aigina is annexed to Athens 430: A second invasion by Archidamos

11. Map of the Long Walls of Athens

12. The Long Walls

13. The Harbor of Piraeus

14. Plataia

15. Aigina

16. The troubles of Athens 430: Plague in Athens Discontent against Pericles 429: Pericles is dead 429-427: Siege and destruction of Plataia 427: Mytilene revolts The damage upon Athens comes from within, if not from the Spartans

17. Mytilene

18. Kleon: firm leadership Among the successors of Pericles, Kleon was the most capable man (reviled by Thucydides and Aristophanes). Demosthenes succeeds in establishing Athenian control over the western seas 426: Purification of Delos and the rise of pious and virtuous Nikias (an ill-omened occasion).

19. The sacred island of Delos

20. Athenian successes and failures 424:Demosthenes and Kleon score a stunning victory at Pylos, capturing 400 Spartans alive. Departure from the Periclean policy ends in a defeat of the Athenian army at Delion 422: The Athenians lose Amphipolis. Kleon and Brasidas are killed in action. 421: Peace of Nikias. No clear winner.

21. Pylos and Sphakteria

22. Peace between wars The Peace of Nikias did not seem very steady: the causes of the war were still present, if not further aggravated, and both sides maintained their strength. Predictably more conflict was going to come. 416: The Athenians offended further Greek sentiments by subduing the island of Melos, which had Dorian inhabitants.

23. The planning of the Sicilian Expedition An expedition to far away seas with a view to a vast expansion of Athenian influence seemed like a brilliant plan to some and a foolish undertaking to others. Alcibiades was the primary force behind it. He was dreaming of wealth and power for Athens and himself. Nikias was against it; he thought that another war may be near.

25. The Great Athenian Dream By incorporating Sicily into her Empire Athens would acquire access to Italy and the western Mediterranean. The idea of a large sea Empire was tangible. Then Sparta would be irrelevant. The big, strong city of Syracuse stood on their way. Strangely enough the Athenians hesitated to attack the real obstacle at once.

26. Greek Sicily Selinous Acragas

27. Syracuse (Syrakousai: Siracusa) View of the Lesser Harbor and Ortygia

28. The Siege of Syracuse

29. Syracuse: Ortygia

30. Syracuse, Great Harbor (Porto Grande)

31. The Siege of Syracuse Athenian landing/control of Harbour Occupation of Epipolai Round fort at Syka, southern wall/ northern wall unfinished Syracuse is in serious danger Alcibiades defects to Sparta and persuades the Spartans to send Gylippos

32. Syracuse from the heights of Epipolai. Theater of Apollo

33. The Catastrophe Gylippos enters unhindered Gylippos builds wall to Euryalos/reversal of fortunes Demosthenes arrives with reinforcements He fails to take Epipolai. Athenian fleet is blockaded: Battle in the Great Harbour. An attempt to escape by land leads to catastrophe for the Athenians.

34. High Drama Athenian mistakes The inability of Nikias The role of Alcibiades The Hybris of Athens All these turned a magnificent and tangible dream into dust. The gods were punishing Athenian arrogance. Syracuse, Theatre

35. The tidings of the calamity 413: When Athens was under pressure in Sicily the Spartans were encouraged to resume the war in Greece. The fortress of Dekeleia was fortified and Athens was besieged. The fortification of Dekeleia put pressure on Athens. The land was uncultivated. The mines of Laureion remained closed.

37. Dekeleia

39. Constitutional reform The allies of Athens revolt, but Spartan inefficiency at sea allows Athens to suppress the revolts. 411: The Athenians under pressure, and urged by Alcibiades, abolish the democratic constitution (the 400). 18 months later democracy is restored. 410: A much needed Athenian victory at Kyzikos

40. Changes in Persian policy 413: Darius II ascends on the throne of Persia and on the advice of his wife Parysatis deviates from the policy of his father (Artaxerxes I) towards Athens. From now on Persian money and diplomacy will dominate Greek affairs. Cyrus, the king’s younger son is sent to Sardis to conclude an alliance with Sparta against Athens. Persia wants Asiatic Greeks

41. Darius II

42. The doom of Athens Lysander, the Spartan admiral, builds a fleet with Persian money. After a setback at Arginousai (406) the Spartan fleet dominates the Southern Aegean. 405: Incredibly, the entire Athenian fleet (160 ships) is captured by Lysander at Aigospotamoi.

43. The surrender 404: Athens capitulates. Sparta refuses to destroy her fallen enemy. Athens is to join Sparta as an ally Oligarchy is imposed upon Athens (the 30) The long walls are destroyed The Athenians can only keep 12 ships Their empire is inherited by Sparta. Now Sparta reigns supreme in Greece.