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Today’s lesson Three main rock types
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Three main rock types Igneous
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Three main rock types Sedimentary
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Three main rock types Metamorphic
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Igneous rocks From the latin “ignis” meaning fire
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Igneous rocks Formed by the cooling of lava or magma
What’s the difference? Formed by the cooling of lava or magma
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Igneous rocks Made from crystals
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Igneous rocks Quick cooling forms small crystals, slow cooling forms large crystals
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Igneous rocks Basalt is formed by quickly cooling lava
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Igneous rocks Pumice is formed from lava that contains a lot of gas. It can float!
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Igneous rocks Obsidian is like dark glass formed when molten silica cools quickly!
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Igneous rocks Granite is made from magma that cools slowly underground
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Sedimentary rocks
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Sedimentary rocks Sediments like sand and mud build up at the bottom of oceans and rivers
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Sedimentary rocks Over millions of years pressure from successive layers forms these into sedimentary rocks
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Sedimentary rocks Layers!
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Sedimentary rocks Animals and plants can be trapped in the sediments and can form fossils
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Sedimentary rocks Sandstone is made from sand grains stuck together
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Sedimentary rocks Limestone is made from the mineral calcite which came from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animal shells.
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Sedimentary rocks Conglomerate rocks are made up of large sediments like pebbles. The sediment is cemented together with dissolved minerals.
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Sedimentary rocks Shale are formed from clay and mud that is compacted together by pressure.
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Metamorphic rocks
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Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock.
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Metamorphic rocks These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. The rocks are under tons of pressure, which causes heat build up, and this causes them to change.
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Metamorphic rocks These often also contain thin layers and crystals but are much harder than sedimentary rocks
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Metamorphic rocks Marble is limestone that has been metamorphised
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Metamorphic rocks Slate is metamorphised shale
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Metamorphic rocks Anthracite coal
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Brain-map Mr Porter is now going to put these slides on a loop so you can brain map them!
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