1. JCOMMOPS in support of Global Ocean Observing Systems Mathieu Belbeoch belbeoch@jcommops.org m.belbeoch@unesco.org USA, April 2012

2. Before the 80s, most of ocean observations were made via research vessels (specific regional campains, expensive, data never realeased or years after) The advent of satellite measurements, particularly surface topography from altimeters, as well as routine measurements from in-situ moorings and autonomous free floating instruments, led to enormous improvements in our fundamental understanding of the ocean. Socio economic benefits of global ocean observations were formally recognized in 1990 (GOOS establishment) http://ioc-goos.org The joint IOC/WMO commission for oceanography and marine meteorology was then established in 1999 (JCOMM) Clear interdisciplinary requirements, minimize duplication of efforts Bridge between oceanographers and marine meteorologists Integration of expertise, implementation plans, information streams, services http://www.jcomm.info 2 International Coordination

3. Global observing programmes are funded & implemented nationally International and technical coordination required –Through dedicated Panels ( DBCP, SOT, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, GLOSS,...) –Between Member States Funding agencies Platform operators, Prog. Managers, Principal Investigators Satellite data telecommunication providers Instrument, sensor manufacturers Data centres, archiving centres, data users JCOMM: successful as an implementation mechanism, by coordinating and developing standard procedures and best practices for fully integrated marine observing, data management, and services system. 3 International Coordination

4. The JCOMM Observing Programme Support Centre, JCOMMOPS is hosted by France (with CLS and Ifremer support) and monitor on a day to day basis the status of the global arrays (since 2001). 4-person operation centre based in Toulouse (sat.link) and funded entirely through extra-budgetary sources, is now an indispensable and highly regarded component of the observing system coordination process, providing a range of metadata, logistics and technical support for the panels as well as for some external bodies. Efforts are now underway to partner with new implementation bodies (including space agencies) and attract additional funding to allow expansion of the JCOMMOPS functions to cover further components of the in situ observing system, and also enhance integration of satellite and in situ observations. Synergies to be developed with Brest (in-situ link), concentrating many professionals of the ocean 4 International Coordination

5. JCOMMOPS comprises two Technical Coordinators, an I.T team: –Mathieu Belbeoch JCOMMOPS Head The Argo Profiling Float programme –Kelly Stroker The Data Buoy Cooperation Panel The OceanSITES Program –Recruiting a Ship Logistics Coordinator 2012 SOT program Ship/Cruises metadata champion Operations (charters, partnerships, ship time service) – 1 EFT. I.T. resource to be expanded to 1.5 EFT in 2013 Students on short/long work experience International professional connections and synergies Services = Focal Point + Information System –4 Servers: Oracle DB, GIS (thanks WHOI R. Goldsmith !), Java Web App. –Routine and ad hoc products, web services –Manage and control all information except physical (and BGC) data

6. JCOMMOPS is involved with the implementation of the main global in-situ observing systems, including: –DBCP (data buoy cooperation panel): Drifting and moored buoys in the high seas and tropical moorings, tsunameters and misc.fixed platforms. –SOT (ship observations team) : SOOP (XBTs, TSGs), ASAP atmospheric soundings, VOS meteorological observations –Argo: Profiling floats –OceanSITES: Deep ocean time-series reference stations –Next: costal/regional systems (gliders, polar, marine mammals, etc) JCOMMOPS is now “firmly established as a major support facility for operational ocean observing system.” JCOMM co-presidents, 2009 JCOMM Observing Program Support Centre

7. Data Buoy Cooperation Panels: ~1250 surface drifters & ~400 moorings http://dbcp.jcommops.org Surface drifters, tropical/coastal moorings, ice buoys,...

8. Data Buoy Cooperation Panels: ~1250 surface drifters & ~400 moorings http://dbcp.jcommops.org Barometers added on drifters in the last decade Need to enhance global wave observations Southern Ocean coverage is an issue

9. Data Buoy Cooperation Panels: ~1250 surface drifters & ~400 moorings http://dbcp.jcommops.org

10. Ship Observation Team (~2000 ships) The work of the SOT consists of several very successful and enduring data collection programmes (over 100 years), involving voluntary observing ships and ships of opportunity operated through the VOS and SOOPIP. 10 A long tradition of voluntary ocean data collection by the world’s seamen gathering essential variables used for research, climate forecasting, numerical weather prediction and maritime safety. Coverage declining (difficulty to recruit new ships in some areas)

11. SOOP XBT network 11 Needs: Research-quality deep (2000 m) XBT, Next generation automatic XBT launcher, Modernization/standardization of data management system.

12. ~3000 Profiling floats: Argo Programme A revolutionary achievement for subsurface observations An unprecedented cooperative effort in the history of oceanography A crucial mechanism to better understand the warming of the upper ocean Innovative data system 12

13. OceanSITES www.oceansites.orgwww.oceansites.org Needs: data distribution, standards/QC for bio-geochemical variables. A worldwide system of long-term, deepwater reference stations measuring dozens of variables and monitoring the full depth of the ocean from air-sea interactions down to 5,000 meters.

14. Many other observing systems are emerging and will complete the GOOS: -Polar systems (Met. / Oceano) -Marine mammals equipped with sensors -Find holes in ice-covered regions -Multidisciplinary approach -Gliders (regional) -Guided -Multi sensors -expensive 14 Needs: (international) Scientific Steering Team and Data Management Team participating to the international coordination infrastructure And technical coordination within JCOMMOPS

15. The JCOMM Observing Programme Support Centre, on behalf of JCOMM, aims to: monitor and evaluate the performance of the networks assist in the planning, implementation and operations of the observing systems act as a clearing house and focal point on all programme aspects assist in data distribution on the Internet and GTS encourage cooperation between communities and member states relay user feedback on data quality to platform operators provide technical assistance and user support worldwide develop synergies between observing systems (GOOS) JCOMM Observing Program Support Centre

16. Products & Services: Examples Real-time... Very early on, JCOMMOPS provided online, interactive GIS–based, real-time tracking tools for ocean platforms and is now working on a partnership with Google to include JCOMM/GOOS observing system status and products within Google Ocean Interoperability targeted: Web Map Services, XML metadata exports, etc. Monthly... JCOMMOPS Status maps are widely recognized as authoritative and giving an up- to-date, verified status of the arrays, encouraging community to share the data and showing how the programmes assess and meet their requirements

17. Products & Services: Examples (Argo) Planning management... Planning 6-12 months in advance Official registration and notification Synchronization with all national programmes (15 - 30) Crucial for a global array maintenance

18. 18 Float reliability has finally reached manufacturers spec. for most of float models: 150 cycles (almost to 2000m)

19. http://argo.jcommops.org/argo.kml

21. New generation of webservices being developed From website to webservices... Core web services (Platform/Observations data bases) Full integration across programmes Latest GIS technologies (ESRI) (on the fly analyses: density, polygons/points/lines RT intersections ) My JCOMMOPS (see Google Analytics) Multi sensors database Ships/Cruises management JCOMM Observing Program Support Centre

22. Intrergovernmental issues: 22 JCOMMOPS helps … (notification procedure for Argo) RT warning system and reporting to Member States (extensive GIS use) Waiting international agreements, transparency and cooperation are essential

23. JCOMMOPS Ship Time Service – Recurrent global and regional gaps in the arrays – Global economical context under pressure (ship time decreasing) – Resources available for planning operations under pressure JCOMMOPS can now provide assistance for deployments, servicing, at a marginal cost – e.g. Lady Amber story, supported by JCOMM, IOC/UNESCO (and IOC Perth), WMO Partnerships Sailing community, industry, individuals, explorers, NGOs are being developed After a decade of implementation using mainly research vessels and merchants ships, the global programmes are now investigating green, flexible, free or non-profit based, and dedicated deployment platforms, combining operational efficiency and promotional/educational opportunities”

24. 24 Lady Amber story Opportunity set up by JCOMMOPS ~60 floats deployed Green, flexible, dedicated, trained crew 20 keuros/month (via CLS/JCOMMOPS) Autonomy: 2 months Iridium com./email, Argos/GPS tracking Storage capacity (50 units) 100 soon. Crane/CTD to be installed 2012-2013 routes to be set up: - Australia – India - India - South Africa - South Africa South America - to Pacific … AST 12 AST 13

25. 25 #1 Lady Amber: Private charter AST 12 AST 13 This ship is yours ! Operations, Education, Promotion Sponsors needed... support@jcommops.org

26. 26 Lady Amber story Very good communication operation (TV, radios, newspapers websites, …) Visit of 3 Ministers ABC News in Hobart last week Partnership/Sponsoring with Industry (MRV, Teledyne, SBE …) Need commitments to evaluate ship time required and set up plans. Ideal opportunities for all GOOS activities (moorings, gliders, retrieval) Google “Lady Amber KML” 2011 2012

27. 27 Voiles sans Frontières: NGO « Sail without borders … » Unique french NGO recruiting 20 ships every year Development project, solidarity, etc in Senegal 16 agreed to load and deploy floats this year (departure/storage Lorient and Sètes) Flexibility (deploy, load, retrieve, etc) Large spatial coverage !!!! Huge communication potential !!!!

28. Urgent to make the critical importance of observing the oceans more widely understood –Demonstrating the value of the each element and of the integrated system –Demonstrating and quantifying the socio economic benefits Urgent to complete and sustain funding (implementation, data management, coordination) Observing Systems success relies on: –Clear scientific and operational requirements –Feasibility and cost effectiveness –Rigor with regard to instrumentation calibration and data quality control –Standard, open and unrestricted data stream (ocean data are a global public good) –International coordination and cooperation –Constant cooperation between research and operational communities, between marine meteorologists and oceanographers, between physical and biological oceanographers  JCOMMOPS: modest but essential oil in the systems of systems 28 Conclusion

29. Science of climate changes requires these global systems to be sustained for the very long term with a top quality of data/metadata. The payback will come with next generations. The potential of outreach and educational initiatives is enormous and under exploited. While autonomous platform have became the backbone of the system, ships remain essential Collaboration with developing/developed countries will be crucial 29 Conclusion

30. JCOMMOPS is rounding a new cape by strengthening its support to the 4 programmes: -integrating its core deliverables and services, -developing light operational capacities, and - working with France and Member States,and ocean community (including industry) to increase financial means.

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