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Power-Balance Broadcast in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Jang-Ping Sheu, Yu-Chia Chang, and Hsiu- Ping Tsai National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054,Taiwan Speaker : Hsu-Jui Chang
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Outline Introduction Related work Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm Algorithm 1 Algorithm 2 Simulation Conclusion
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Introduction Broadcast Support network routing protocol Two characteristics of broadcast problem Spontaneous Unreliable
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Introduction Flooding problem Redundancy 、 Contention 、 Collision Battery exhaustion Reduce the network lifetime Reduce redundant rebroadcast and solve the rebroadcast storm problem Sender-based mechanism Receiver-based mechanism
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Related work [7] S.-Y. Ni, Y.-C. Tseng, Y.-S. Chen, and J. P. Sheu, ”The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 151-162, Aug. 1999. Probabilistic scheme The host will rebroadcast with a probability Counter-based scheme Use counter C to keep track of number of times that the broadcast message is received C ≧ C-threshold, the rebroadcast is inhibited
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm Each host determines a rebroadcast probability Its remaining energy Number of neighbors Average remaining energy of its neighbors Goal Balance the residual battery energy of hosts Prolong the network lifetime
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm
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RE(i) > 70%, P i = 0.9 70% ≧ RE(i) > 40%, P i = 0.7 RE(i) ≦ 40%, P i = 0.5
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm The main goal Balance the remaining battery energy of hosts Keep high reachability
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm The rebroadcast probability of a host is high and its neighbors have higher remaining energy High reachability Broadcast storm problem and waste much energy
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm
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The higher value of N_threshold is, the bigger chance of a host keeping the high rebroadcast probability is The value of N_threshold is set to 4
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm Definition P i : rebroadcast probability of host i RE(i) : the remaining energy of host i Avg_NE(i) : the average remaining energy of the neighbors of host i Neighbor_No(i) : the number of neighbors of host i
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 1 First Each host periodically collects the remaining energy of its neighbors Second Determine the rebroadcast probability of each host
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 1 Initial: RE(i) > 70%, P i = 0.9 70% ≧ RE(i) > 40%, P i = 0.7 RE(i) ≦ 40%, P i = 0.5
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 1 Step1: Case 1: Avg_NE(i) ≦ 40% RE(i) > 70%, assign P i = 0.9 70% ≧ RE(i) > 40%, assign P i = 0.8 RE(i) ≦ 40%, assign P i = 0.7 Case 2: 40% < Avg_NE(i) ≦ 70% Keep Pi as the initial assigned rule Case 3: Avg_NE(i) > 70% Neighbor_No(i) < N_threshold, P i is held as before. Neighbor_No(i) ≧ N_threshold, assign P i = P i *(3/Neighbor_No) 0.5
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 1 Step2: Generate a random number RN over [0, 1] RN ≦ P i, rebroadcast the received message Otherwise, drop it.
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 2 Problem Receive the same packets k times Algorithm 2 Combines the idea of Algorithm 1 Counter-based scheme Goal Save the number of redundant rebroadcast
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 2 Initial The rebroadcast probability P i is calculated based on Algorithm 1
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Power-Balance Broadcast Algorithm -Algorithm 2 Step 1: Receive a broadcast message M in the first time go to Step 2 Otherwise, the host is inhibited from rebroadcasting M Step 2: Generate a random number RN over [0, 1] RN ≦ P i, go to Step 3 otherwise drop the message Step 3: The host will not rebroadcast M if Rec_No(i) > 3 Otherwise, rebroadcast the message
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Simulation Use Glomosim 2.03 Environment 1000m x 1000m Random way-point movement model Transmission radius : 250m Transmission rate : 11M bits/sec Broadcast packet size : 280 bytes The maximum speed of a host is 5 m/sec Pause time is 30 seconds Transmission power is 3.63W Receiving power is 2.54W Each host broadcasts a 64 bytes beacon in every10 seconds
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Simulation -Reachability
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Simulation -Lifetime
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Simulation -Saved Rebroadcast Ratio
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Simulation -The standard deviation of remaining battery energy
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Conclusion Propose two power-balance broadcast algorithms in wireless networks to extend the network lifetime Determine the rebroadcast probability Remaining energy information Network density Advantage Balance the battery energy of hosts Extend the network lifetime without scanting the reachability Suit in the environment of high mobility and density
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