1. A File System for System Programming in Ubiquitous Computing Christian Decker, Michael Beigl, Albert Krohn TecO, University of Karlsruhe Institut for Telematics Telecooperation Office (TecO) www.teco.edu

2. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 2 Outline  Ubiquitous Computing and Devices  Development on Ubicomp Devices  File System Approach  Applications  Related Work  Conclusion

3. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 3 Ubiquitous Computing - Ubicomp  … building aware environments Other areas  Safety applications  Military applications AwareHome (GATech) AwareOffice (TecO)

4. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 4 Embedded Sensor Devices in Ubicomp  Limited computing power, 8-bit microcontroller  Few kilobytes … 512 kilobytes of Flash memory  Customized radio protocols  Battery powered  Extensible by various sensors Motes Particles Telos

5. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 5 Ubicomp Development – State-of-the-Art Manage a variety of resources, esp. sensors  Lightweight OS (e.g. TinyOS) OS shields resources, e.g. sensors No direct access Communication through events -> event dispatching  Library based access models Abstract access functions Direct access, virtually no overhead  But… shielding/abstraction causes still confusion

6. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 6 Ubicomp Development – Case Study  Study comprising of various students, practical courses and projects Findings  Experience lack Huge number of various sensor interfaces Developers are stuck to the well-known  Application complexity Developer focus on distributed application logic Rich sensor interfaces, poorly used  Interface breach Sensor interfaces similar, only slight difference Hard to realize -> debugging

7. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 7 File System Approach Design principles  Developer in the center  Support developer to follow the simplest way  Easy-to-understand interfaces -> generic Support in two ways  Uniform representation of all resources  Uniform access model

8. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 8 Resources

9. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 9 Resources cont.

10. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 10 Name Space  File = entity identifying a resource  Directory = special file identifying collections of files  Uniform, hierarchical namespace /dev/ - direct resources, e.g. sensors, memory, power supply, communication interface /context/ - mediated resources, access direct resources, application functions, algorithms /usr/ - data files

11. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 11 Access Model Fundamental operations  read(..) and write(..) – data transfer operations  Resources are coupled with specific r/w methods Example: read(1, buf, 1) Additional operations  open(..)  mount(..)/umount(..)  getType(..) Type System  Type of resource, developer decides  Compatibility in resource combinations Resource identifier Resource nameTypeReadWrite 1/dev/voltage3pFunc... VoltageSensorGet(int &v) {... } NOP() { ; }

12. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 12 Particle File System  File system for Particle platform (Ubicomp device, sensor network)  18f6720 PIC microcontroller  128KB FlashROM, 4KB RAM, 512KB external Flash Resources  Memory – 512KB Flash  Power supply – AAA battery  Wireless communication  Sensors – acceleration, light, force, temperature, audio, ball switch  Actuators – LEDs, speaker

13. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 13 Application: Telnet PC Particle “/context/telnet/less /usr/file1“

14. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 14 Application: Telnet cont.  Telnet application combines resources  “context/telnet/less“ is a resource  Application function represented in the file system  “less” checks for type of argument  “less” denies access to /dev/accl, but grants access to /usr/file1

15. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 15 Application: Over-the-Air- Programming  Programming is file copy! Bridge Compiled Program Particle FTP Proxy Network

16. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 16 Performance File system  ~1900 bytes RAM  ~2100 bytes ROM File library  ~10 kilobytes ROM Access overhead  *buf = f() Call + store result 26 instruction cycles  read(fd,buf,1) lookup for function pointers + call + store result More parameters 100 instruction cycles

17. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 17 Related Work Plan9  All resources are files and accessed like files  Client/server concept Dynamo, Context-aware file system (CFS)  Middleware and infrastructure solutions  Context-based sharing and visibility of data  PDA like devices MatchBox, Micro-ROM  File systems for small embedded sensor devices  Only for data storage in files

18. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 18 Conclusion and Outlook File system  Uniform resource representation (direct/mediated)  Uniform access on resources (read/write)  Combining resources (compatibility by type system)  Implementation on embedded sensor system (ParticleFS)  Applications: Telnet + Over-the-Air-Programming Future work  Unblocking resource access  Represent remote resources  Shell/Macroprogramming

19. TecO File System for System Programming in Ubicomp, ARCS 2005 19 Thank you Q&A