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LIPIDS Part II: Digestion, Absorption, Transportation & Metabolism
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Digestion of Triglycerides Goal: Triglyceride >>> monoglycerides glycerol fatty acids
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Digestion Salivary glands Large intestine Small intestine Common bile duct Pancreas Pancreatic duct Stomach Mouth Gallbladder Sublingual salivary gland Tongue Liver Large intestine Small intestine bile lipases
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Absorption two different routes small bits bloodstream glycerol, short fatty acids larger bits lymph monoglycerides, long fatty acids
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Four Types Chylomicrons VLDL LDL HDL protein phospholipid cholesterol triglyceride Lipoproteins = Fat Transporters
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HDL VLDL LDL Chylomicron Types of Lipoproteins
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LipoproteinPrimary Ingredient FunctionBlood Test Chylomicrons TriglycerideTransports fats (from intestines) to cells “ triglycerides ” VLDL TriglycerideTransports fats (from liver) to cells “ triglycerides ” LDL [recycled VLDLs] CholesterolTransports cholesterol to tissues “ bad cholesterol ” HDL ProteinTransports cholesterol to liver “ good cholesterol ” Lipoproteins Compared
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Fat Metabolism Triglycerides Energy Adipose Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Adipose Hormone-sensitive Lipase
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LIPIDS Part III: Lipids and Health
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Function of Fats Energy [adipose tissue] Insulation Protects bones and organs Essential Fatty Acids Linoleic (omega-6) Linolenic (omega-3) Eicosanoids
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Heart Disease: Blood Lipid Profile Total Cholesterol LDL & HDL Triglycerides
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Heart Disease & Fatty Acids High LDLs Saturated Trans Low HDLs Trans Omega-6s Low LDLs Monounsaturated Omega-3s High HDLs Omega-3s AVOIDEMPHASIZE
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Cancer & Fat Total Fat Excess Calories Animal Fats Types of Fatty Acids Lack of Vegetables & Fruits and other plant foods PHYTOCHEMICALS
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