1. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Chapter 15 General Pharmacology

2. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory U.S. DOT Objectives Directory U.S. DOT Objectives are covered and/or supported by the PowerPoint™ Slide Program and Notes for Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Please see the Chapter 15 correlation below. *KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE 4-1.1 Identify which medications will be carried on the unit. Slides 6-76-7 4-1.2 State the medications carried on the unit by the generic name. Slides 6-7, 10-116-7 10-11 4-1.3 Identify the medications which the EMT-Basic may assist the patient with administering. Slides 8, 10-11, 18-23810-1118-23 4-1.4 State the medications the EMT-Basic can assist the patient with by the generic name. Slides 8, 10-11, 18-23810-1118-23 4-1.5 Discuss the forms in which the medications may be found. Slides 12-1612-16 4-1.6 Explain the rationale for the administration of medications. Slides 24-3324-33 (cont.)

3. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory U.S. DOT Objectives Directory *SKILLS 4-1.7 Demonstrate general steps for assisting patient with self-administration of medications. 4-1.8 Read the labels and inspect each type of medication.

4. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Pharmacology

5. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory The study of drugs, their sources, characteristics, and effects Pharmacology

6. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Medications on the Ambulance

7. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Activated charcoal Oral glucose Oxygen Medications EMTs Can Administer

8. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Prescribed inhaler Nitroglycerin Epinephrine Medications EMTs Can Assist With

9. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory What the EMT Needs to Know About Medications

10. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory All listed in U.S. Pharmacopoeia Generic name Chemical name Trade name Medication Names

11. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Generic name: epinephrine Chemical name: B- (3, 4 dihydroxyphenyl) -a-methylaminoethanol Trade name: EpiPen ® Three Types of Medication Names

12. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Forms of Medications

13. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Suspensions

14. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Gels or Paste

15. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Oral – This route allows the medication to be absorbed across the membranes of the stomach and/or the intestinal tract. Routes of Administration

16. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Gases

17. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Inhalation –Upon inhalation, the medication is absorbed across the respiratory tract. –The key when using this route is assuring that the patient has an adequate tidal volume so that he inhales the medication deep into the pulmonary tree. Routes of Administration

18. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Prescribed Medications

19. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Nitroglycerin Tablets or Spray

20. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Sublingual –The mucous membranes beneath the tongue are highly vascular and can absorb medication readily. –When using this route, remind the patient not to chew or swallow the medication. Routes of Administration

21. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Epinephrine for Injection

22. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Injection –Refers to the deposition of the medication into the tissues –Since a needle is employed to inject the medication, the EMT must exercise extreme caution. Routes of Administration

23. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Prescribed Inhaler

24. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory What You Need to Know When Giving a Medication

25. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Specific sign, symptom, or circumstance that makes it appropriate to administer a drug Indication

26. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Specific sign, symptom, or circumstance in which it would be inappropriate or harmful to administer a drug Contraindication

27. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory The dose refers to the amount of drug to be administered. –Adult and pediatrics patients may have two different doses of the same drug. Dose

28. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory These are the effects of the drug on the body. Medications modify what certain cells or organs of the body do, in order to correct or prevent some abnormality; this is also known as the “mechanism of action.” Actions

29. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory This refers to the route in which the dose of the indicated medicine is to be given. The EMT will be using the inhalation, oral, sublingual, and injection routes. Route

30. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Some medications, despite their ability to correct one abnormality, may cause a disturbance elsewhere in the body. The side effects generally are tolerated by the patient and are predictable if you understand the drug’s actions. Side Effects

31. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Proper Use of Medications in the Field

32. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Medication Administration Five “Rights” Right patient? Right medication? Right dose? Right route? Right date ? (cont.)

33. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Patients must be reassessed after medication is administered. Repeat vital signs. Document patient’s response to medication. Medication Administration

34. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory 1. Name the drugs that are carried on the ambulance and may be administered by the EMT under certain circumstances. 2. Name the drugs that the EMT may assist the patient in taking if they have been prescribed for him and with approval by medical direction. Review Questions (cont.)

35. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory 3. Medications may take the form of tablets. Name several other forms that medications may have. 4. Name the four “rights” you must check before administering a medication. 5. Name several routes by which medications may be administered. Review Questions

36. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory What additional patient history should you obtain? Should you let the patient take nitroglycerin? Why, or why not? Street Scenes (cont.)

37. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Are vital signs important if nitroglycerin is going to be taken by the patient? What information do you want to know about nitroglycerin? Street Scenes (cont.)

38. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory How should the nitroglycerin be administered? When should vital signs be taken again? Street Scenes

39. Limmer et al., Emergency Care, 11th Edition © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ DOT Directory Sample Documentation