1. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Paid work----there have always been some women in paid work—even before the Industrial revolution. Maids, nannies, teachers, seamstresses, prostitutes Marital status---always an issue for women---often lost job on marriage Industrial Revolution---women into factory work, separation of work and home

2. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS World War II---women into male jobs, return to “home duties” after war Management level—usually low or mid- level and in “soft” jobs, self-employed, consultancy work

3. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Power---all organisations in all sectors of society are influenced by external and internal power relations Overt and covert power and/or a mixture of the two Power is conditioned by gender, race/ethnicity and class/SES Reluctance to admit having, exercising, analysing power

4. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Definitions of power and influence: Influence = informal power, reliant on personal rather than positional power Power = the ability to control the actions of others even against their will Sexuality and gender are also forms of power Sources of Power---positional, reward, coercion, expertise, information, relationships, charisma

5. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS High labour-force participation of women but few in CEO positions---Why? “Women have babies and men make rules” Dominance of male world and culture makes women “immigrants” in organisations Women have background roles, nurturing etc.—not assertive enough to be leaders

6. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Perceptions of female roles— Mother – emotional specialist—not a leader Seductress — advances via high status male Pet — token female, mascot or cheer leader Iron maiden — tough “women’s libber” who hates males Queen Bee — keeps her hard-earned privileges to herself

7. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Common Assumptions— Men are intellectually superior to women Men value achievements and meaningful work more than women Men are inherently more assertive than women Women don’t work for money

8. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Barriers to women’s advancement –Glass ceiling –Sticky stairs syndrome –Glue chair situation –Glass walls –Primitive unease about women generally –Assumed deficiencies of women –“Good” women are wives and mothers—not CEOs

9. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Successful Executive Women are: Strong---determined, makes the hard decisions Smart---intelligent, politically savvy Straight---has strong principles, is confident eSprit de Corps---committed, practical, good at team work

10. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Unsuccessful Women Try to be like men Are too different—too caring etc. also they tend to have children Have been failed by the company— sabotaged, neglected by male mentors/superiors

11. GENDER, SEXUALITY AND POWER IN ORGANISATIONS Four stages/waves in Australia’s executive culture: The lack of women CEOs is not a business issue If it is an issue it is a problem with women, i.e. ”the trouble with women is” Companies seek solution by appointing a “token” Woman as a manager CEO driven change in the culture of the company