1. The Years of Andrew Jackson
CHAPTER 10
The Years of Andrew Jackson
1829 – 1836
“Our Union: It must be preserved.” President Andrew Jackson [during a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner, April 13, 1830]
Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun, reacted to this toast [since it was clear he had lost Jackson’s support of the Southern cause of nullification] with the following words: “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. May we all remember that it can only be preserved by respecting the rights of the States and by distributing equally the benefits and burdens of the Union”

2. Abolitionist Wendell Phillips
“The majority rules and law rests on numbers, not on intellect or virtue. . . while theoretically holding that no vote of the majority can authorize injustice, we practically consider public opinion the real test of what is true and false; and hence, as a result, the fact which Tocqueville has noticed, that practically our institutions protect, not the interest of the whole community but the interests of the majority.”
Abolitionist Wendell Phillips

3. English Logician and Philosopher (1872-1970)
"Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal to the sacred principles of liberty, which are embodied in one maxim: The fortunate must not be restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the unfortunate."
Bertrand Russell
English Logician and Philosopher ( )

4. Andrew Jackson speaking to crowd after his election
Politics in the olden time – General Jackson, President – elect, on his way to Washington.

5.  Indian Removals
The fixed policy of the Jackson administration and pressure from the states forced Native Americans in the 1830s to migrate from their eastern homelands to a special Indian reserve west of the Mississippi River

6. Trail of Tears
For the Cherokees, the Trail of Tears stretched 1,200 miles from the homeland in the East to what became the Indian Territory in Oklahoma.

8. Jackson vs. the Bank
This Democratic cartoon portrays Jackson as the champion of the people attacking the Bank of the United States, a many-headed monster whose tentacles of corruption spread throughout the states.

9. Whig Campaign Banner
This cotton banner used by the Whigs in the campaign of 1840 celebrated their ticket as the friends of common Americans who had been raised in a log cabin. Smithsonian Institution / Office of Imaging, Printing, and Photographic Services

11. Chapter Review
Describe the background of Andrew Jackson and identify which parts of his background would be most appealing to Americans in the early nineteenth century.
Describe the rise of the Democratic Party and explain why Jackson is called the first “people’s president.”
Describe the national mood regarding the issue of slavery in the 1820s and 1830s. Describe the role played by free blacks.
Define the doctrine of nullification as expressed by John C. Calhoun.
Describe the foreign relations policies of Jackson’s presidency, and explain how they impacted Native Americans.
Describe American relations with Mexico during the Jacksonian era.
Evaluate Andrew Jackson as a U.S. president.
Explain the 2nd Party system.

13. Concepts 2nd Party System -- Anti-Masons, Whigs, Jacksonian Democrats
Albany Regency, Martin Van Buren
Bank War of 1832 [veto of 2nd Bank bill]
Black Hawk’s War, Osceola of Seminoles
Dorothea Dix, Horace Mann
Gag rule, John Quincy Adams
Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears of Cherokee
Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, Charles Grandison Finney, Book of Mormon
Nat Turner 1831
Nullification Crisis, tariff, John C. Calhoun
Peggy Eaton,
Specie Circular – only purchase Western land with specie
Spoils system
The Alamo [1836], Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Goliad, San Jacinto
William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator [1831]

17.  Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections, 1824–1840

18. Fort Pierre [South Dakota] and the Adjacent Prairie, 1832
Lithograph from ''Travels in the Interior of North America.'' Karl Bodmer ( ), traveled through the territory of the United States, and recorded what he saw. His 1832 view of Fort Pierre, in what is now South Dakota, shows its location along the Missouri River, as well as Sioux encampments.

19. Poster circulated in Philadelphia to discourage the railroad
Not all Americans welcomed the industrial revolution in the 1830s and 1840s. Residents in several American cities protested both the noise and smell of the railroad. In Charleston, South Carolina, citizens forced city council to stop the railroad tracks a great distance from the wharves, as trains would ''disturb'' the lives of those living in the city.

20. Teton Sioux horse races in front of Fort Pierre, South Dakota.
The sport of horseracing was as popular among Americans as it was among the Sioux. Karl Bodmer ( ) sketched these Teton Sioux from life, as they raced in front of Fort Pierre in 1833.

21. The Grand National Caravan Moving East
Andrew Jackson rides a horse in front of a horse-drawn carriage with several passengers in a historic political cartoon.

22. William Henry Harrison Campaign Poster
Whig candidate William Henry Harrison, the ''hero of Tippecanoe,'' is depicted as a farmer with a log cabin, a barrel of hard cider, and a plow in a poster for a rally during the 1840 presidential campaign.

23. I. Andrew Jackson Takes Charge
Jackson becomes “the people’s president”
Jackson balances his cabinet well but relies only on those he completely trusts
Cabinet appointment of John Eaton hints at future problems for Jackson and vice president John C. Calhoun
Jackson’s inauguration brings out worst in the “common man”
Jackson is labeled as president most associated with “spoils system”

24. II. Struggles Over Slavery
The tariff, nullification, and states’ rights cause major conflicts
Abolitionist strength grows
Nat Turner’s slave revolt frightens Virginians and divides the state

25. III. Political Turmoil and the Election of 1832
Anti-Masons, labor groups, and states’ rights radicals in South Carolina pose problems for Jackson
Most divisive issue of election becomes future of the national bank
Henry Clay turns the bank into an issue
Jackson wins easily, viewing his victory as a mandate to “kill the bank”
Whig party emerges for the purpose of opposing Jackson

26. IV. The Indian Peoples and the Mexican Nation
Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans mirrors that of most Americans
Cherokees adopt white ways but are removed to Oklahoma anyway
Some Seminoles escape to Florida’s swamps, and some Cherokees to North Carolina mountains
Conflict also occurs with Mexico over Texas, where independence does not equal peace
Davy Crockett, Col. Travis, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston
The Alamo
[The Mexican War begins in 1846 due to US annexation of Texas]

27. Removal of the American Indians
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Removal of the American Indians

28. V. Revival
Protestant revivalism is rooted in evangelism, with preachers such as Charles Grandison Finney urging people to repent
Joseph Smith begins to instruct his followers in the Mormon faith

29. VI. Character Development
“Cult of domesticity” emerges, but mostly among middle and upper class women
Middle class American women become interested in reform movements
Abolition gains more support than any other reform effort