1. Chapter 14 Overview

2. Topic 1: Immigration Where were immigrants primarily from?

3. Explaining Immigration Push Factors War Poverty Famine Religious Persecution Limited Opportunity Oppressive Government Pull Factors Job opportunities Available land Political & religious freedom Family No compulsory military service

4. Nativism

5. Topic 2: Industrialization

6. US Becomes Industrial Giant

7. Urbanization

8. Topic 3: The Cotton Kingdom

9. The Cotton Gin 1793—Eli Whitney With a cotton gin, a worker could clean 50 times more cotton than by hand.

10. The Spread of Cotton Production

11. Increased Slavery Table 3: Population of the South 1790-1860 *Source: Historical Statistics of the United States (1970) YearFree White Population Slave Population 17901,240,454654,121 18001,691,892851,532 18102,118,1441,103,700 18202,867,4541,509,904 18303,614,6001,983,860 18404,601,8732,481,390 18506,184,4773,200,364 18608,036,7003,950,511

12. Topic 4: The Transportation Revolution

13. Components of the Revolution Steamboats Canals Beginnings of Railroads Roads & Turnpikes Clipper Ships

14. With its endpoints in Albany and Buffalo, New York’s Erie Canal linked the young nation’s East and West. Canal travel encouraged trade, tourism, and western farming and settlement. After the canal opened in 1825, nearby cities and towns grew. The Erie Canal

15. Topic 5: The Market Revolution The market revolution transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce (p. 317).

16. Effects of the Market Revolution Standards of living rose People were more affected by market fluctuations Income inequalities increased (rich-poor gap grew) The home became less a center of production and more of a haven for families.

17. Topic 6: Women in Changing Times The Cult of Domesticity or Cult of True Womanhood (named such by its detractors, hence the pejorative use of the word "cult") was a prevailing view during the Jacksonian Era, in the United States. It is the belief that a woman's role in marriage was to: –Maintain the home as a refuge for her husband –Train the children –Set a moral example for children to follow –True women were expected to possess four virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. The Cult of Domesticity identified the home as the "separate, proper sphere" for women, who were seen as better suited to parenting. Reaction to these standards led to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 [Adapted from Wikipedia]