1. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition Chapter 1: Introduction to Database Management

2. 2 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Objectives u Introduce Premiere Products, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the text u Introduce basic database terminology u Describe database management systems u Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database processing u Introduce Henry Books, the company that is used in the case that runs throughout the text

3. 3 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Premiere Products u Distributor of appliances, housewares, and sporting goods u Uses spreadsheet software to maintain important data u Recent growth has made spreadsheet approach problematic

4. 4 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.1: Sample Orders Spreadsheet

5. 5 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Problems Using Spreadsheet u Redundancy l Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place l Occurs when the same information is stored in more than one place u Difficulty accessing data u Limited security u Size limitations

6. 6 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Premiere Products Required Information u Sales Reps l Sales rep number, last name, first name, address, total commission, commission rate u Customers l Customer number, name, address, current balance, credit limit, customer sales rep u Parts Inventory l Part number, description, number units on hand, item class, warehouse number, unit price

7. 7 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.2: Premiere Products Sample Order

8. 8 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Premiere Products Customer Order u Order l Order number, order date, customer number u Order line l Order number, part number, number units ordered, unit price u Overall order total l Not stored since it can be calculated

9. 9 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Database Background u Database l Structure that can store information about u Multiple types of entities u Attributes of those entities u Relationships among entities u Entity l Person, place, thing, or event l Premiere Products has sales reps, customers, orders, and parts

10. 10 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Database Background (con’t) u Attribute l Property of an entity l Customer has name, street, city, et cetera l May also be called a field or column

11. 11 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.3: Entities and Attributes

12. 12 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Database Background (con’t.) u Relationship l Association between entities l One-to-many relationship - rep is related to many customers l Customer is related to a single rep u Data file l File used to store data l Computer counterpart to ordinary paper file

13. 13 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.4: One-to-Many Relationship

14. 14 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.5: Rep and Customer Tables

15. 15 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.5: Orders and OrderLine Tables (con’t.)

16. 16 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.5: Part Table (con’t.)

17. 17 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.6: Alternative Orders Table

18. 18 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Entity-relationship Diagram u Visual way to represent a database l Rectangles represent entities l Lines represent relationships between connected entities

19. 19 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.7: E-R Diagram

20. 20 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Database Management Systems u Program(s) through which users interact with database u Popular DBMSs include l Access l Oracle l DB2 l SQL Server u Premiere Products decides to use Access

21. 21 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.8 and 1.9: Using DBMSs in Different Ways

22. 22 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Building a Database u Database design determines the structure of a database u Design entered into DBMS during construction l Tables – stores data l Forms – screen objects used to maintain, view, and print from a database l Reports – provides formatted output l Switchboards – a set of special forms used to provide controlled access to the data, forms, report and other objects in a database

23. 23 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figures 1.10 and 1.11: Part and Order Forms

24. 24 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.12: Parts Report

25. 25 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.13: Main Switchboard

26. 26 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.14: Main Data Switchboard

27. 27 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.15: Advantages of Database Processing

28. 28 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.16: Disadvantages of Database Processing

29. 29 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Introduction to Henry Books Database Case u Book store chain operated by Ray Henry u Henry decided to use database to gather and store information on: l Branches l Publishers l Authors l Books

30. 30 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.17: Sample Branch Data

31. 31 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.17: Sample Publisher Data (con’t.)

32. 32 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.18: Sample Author Data

33. 33 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.19: Sample Book Data

34. 34 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.20: Wrote Table Relates Authors to Books

35. 35 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Figure 1.20: Inventory Table Relates Branches to Books (con’t.)

36. 36 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Summary u Nondatabase approaches to management have problems with replication, redundancy, sharing, limited security, and size limitations u Entity - a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data u Attribute, field, or column - a characteristic or property of an entity u Relationship - an association between entities

37. 37 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Summary u One-to-many relationship - exists when l Each occurrence of the first entity is related to many occurrences of the second entity l Each occurrence of the second entity is related to only one occurrence of the first entity u Database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities u An entity-relationship (E-R) diagram represents a database pictorially u Database management system (DBMS) - a program, or a collection of programs, through which users interact with a database

38. 38 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Summary u Advantages to database processing: l Getting more information from the same amount of data l Sharing data l Balancing conflicting requirements l Controlling redundancy l Facilitating consistency l Improving integrity l Expanding security l Increasing productivity l Providing data independence

39. 39 Concepts of Database Management, 5t h Edition Summary u Disadvantages of database processing: l Larger file size l Increased complexity l Greater impact of failure l More difficult recovery