1. Secure & flexible monitoring of virtual machine University of Mazandran Science & Tecnology By : Esmaill Khanlarpour S.khanlarpour@ustmb.ac.ir January 07 2010

2. Outline : VMM & Types Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines Xen Hypervisor Xen Architecture  Prolegomenon  Requirements  Introduction Memory Introspection 2 / 30

3. Outline (contd.) :  XenAccess Monitoring Library  XenAccess Virtual Memory Introspection  Conclusion Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 3 / 30

4. Is a piece of software/hardware platform-virtualization software that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer concurrently. VMM (or Hypervisor) : The VM management,memory partitioning, cpu scheduling... Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 4 / 30

5. Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisors are software systems that VMM types :  run directly on the host's hardware.  control the hardware control and to monitor guest operating-systems. Examples include VMware ESX Server, Xen, Oracle VM Server,.. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 5 / 30

6. VMM types (contd.): HWW VMM Type1 Architecture Application OS Application OS Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 6 / 30

7. Type 2 (or hosted) hypervisors are software applications running within a conventional operating-system environment. VMM types (contd.): Examples include VMware Server (formerly known as GSX), VMware Workstation,.... Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 7 / 30

8. VMM types (contd.): HWW VMM Application OS Host os Type2 Architecture Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 8 / 30

9. Xen is a virtual-machine monitor for x86, x86-64, Itanium and PowerPC 970 architectures Xen Hypervisor : The University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory developed the first versions of Xen for linux. As of 2009 the Xen community develops and maintains Xen as free software. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 9 / 30

10. Xen Hypervisor (contd.) : licensed under the GNU General Public License ( GPL2 ). Xen has traditionally used a paravirtualized approach to implement virtualization. Xen uses a split domain architecture, meaning that guest OSes are kept in unprivileged domains(domU). Type 1 of VMM types. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 10 / 30

11. Xen Hypervisor (contd.) : Other Domain In Xen is Domain 0 (Dom0) Xen Hypervisor HWW DOM0 DOM U Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 11 / 30

12. boots automatically when the hypervisor boots Domain 0 (dom0) : interact with the other virtual machines receives special management privileges and direct access to all physical hardware by defaul Modified versions of Linux, NetBSD and Solaris can run as the Dom0 Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 12 / 30

13. Domain 0 (contd.) : All Xen virtualization environments require Domain 0 to be running before any other virtual machines can be started Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 13 / 30

14. Domain User (DomU) : EXCEPT Dom0,All paravirtualized virtual machines running on a Xen hypervisor, are referred to as DomU PV Guests Unmodified versions of Microsoft Windows and other proprietary operating systems can also run as guests if the CPU supports x86 virtualization  such CPUs include Intel VT and AMD-V. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 14 / 30

15. Xen Architecture : Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 15 / 30

16. Memory Introspection : Memory introspection is the process of viewing the memory of one virtual machine from a different virtual machine. What makes memory introspection difficult is the semantic gap between the two virtual machines. This Technique most used in intrusions detection. Example : state of a system call Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 16 / 30

17. Introduction : Monitoring application No architecture  Example : Task manager Monitoring app in VM Monitoring app is ≠ VMM Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 17 / 30

18. Create a Architecture : Bryan D.payne & his friends Bryan D.payne is a Ph.D. Candidate in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology Start a Project in Georgia Tech Information Security Center (GTISC) that was called XenAccess architecture. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 18 / 30

19. Requirements : 1. No superfluous modifications to the VMM. They designed the XenAccess architecture based on six high-level requirements. In general sense,these requirements can be seen as typical good programming guidelines,or good security guidelines. 2. No modifications to the VM or the target OS. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 19 / 30

20. Requirements (contd.): 3. Small performance impact. 4. Rapid development of new monitors. 5. Ability to monitor any data on target OS. 6. Target OS cannot tamper with monitors. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 20 / 30

21. XenAccess Monitoring Library : XenAccess is a library that simplifies the process of memory introspection for virtual machines running on the Xen hypervisor. With XenAccess, your software can run in one virtual machine and access the memory space of other virtual machines. The primary goal for the XenAccess architecture is to satisfy the six requirements stated in the Requirements. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 21 / 30

22. XenAccess Monitoring Library (contd.): Xen Access is implemented in C language as a shared library with 1935 source lines of code(SLOC). The two primary monitoring functionalities in XenAccess Are virtual memory introspection and virtual disk Monitoring. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 22 / 30

23. XenAccess Monitoring Library (contd.):  XenAccess & Requirements  Satisfy property 1 with :  Chose Xen as a virtualization solution because it is a Type I VMM (Introspection VMM) Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 23 / 30

24. XenAccess Monitoring Library (contd.):  Satisfy property 2 with :  with Xen Infrastructure they able to design the monitoring architecture to work without Changes to the target OS.  Satisfy property 3 with :  with examine the xenAccess. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 24 / 30

25. XenAccess Monitoring Library (contd.):  Satisfy property 4 with :  with the XenAccess’s API (application program interface).  Satisfy property 5 with :  they desire an architecture that can monitor any data on the target OS. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 25 / 30

26. XenAccess Monitoring Library (contd.):  Satisfy property 6 with :  They placed the monitors in a different VM than the target OS. Xen provides sufficient isolation between VMs for this to be a viable solution. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 26 / 30

27. XenAccess Monitoring Functionalities :  Virtual Memory introspection  Virtual Disk Monitoring Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 27 / 30

28. Virtual Memory introspection : Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 28 / 30 XenAccess Memory introspection

29. Virtual Memory Introspection (contd.) :  An application that monitors for changes in the system call table  Example include :  An application that monitors the integrity of an installed LKM (Linux Kernel Modules ) Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 29 / 30

30. conclusion :  VMM & Type  Xen Hypervisor  Memory introspection  XenAccess Monitoring Library Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines 30 / 30

31. Reference : [2] Xen introduction. http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenIntro,last accessed an 2009/12/22 [3] Xen Hypervisor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor,last accessed an 2009/12/15 [4] Xen Domain. http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/Dom0,last accessed an 2010/01/02 [1] BD Payne, M Carbone, and W Lee. “Secure and Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines”. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC 2007), December 2007. Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines

32. Reference : [5] Xen Domain. http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/DomU,last accessed an 2010/01/02 [6] Xen Architecture. http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenArchitecture,last accessed an 2009/12/15 Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines

33. Questions Secure & Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines