1. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Experiences Deploying Parallel Applications on a Large-scale Grid Rob van Nieuwpoort, Jason Maassen, Andrei Agapi, Ana-Maria Oprescu, Thilo Kielmann Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam kielmann@cs.vu.nl

2. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies

3. H.M. Beatrix, Koningin der Nederlanden

4. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The N-Queens Contest Challenge: solve the most board solutions within 1 hour Testbed: –Grid5000, DAS-2, some smaller clusters –Globus, NorduGrid, LCG, ??? –In fact, there was not too much precise information available in advance...

5. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Computing in an Unknown Grid? Heterogeneous machines (architectures, compilers, etc.) –Use Java: write once, run anywhere Use Ibis! Heterogeneous machines (fast / slow, small / big clusters) –Use automatic load balancing (divide-and- conquer) Use Satin! Heterogeneous middleware (job submission interfaces, etc.) –Use the Grid Application Toolkit (GAT)!

6. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Ibis Grid Programming System

7. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Ibis System Java centric: write once, run anywhere Efficient communication (pure Java or native) Parallel programming models: –RMI (remote method invocation) –GMI (group method invocation) Collective communication (MPI-like) and more –RepMI (replicated method invocation) Strong consistency –Satin (divide and conquer) –MPJ (Java binding for MPI)

8. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Satin: Divide-and-conquer Effective paradigm for Grid applications (hierarchical) Satin: Grid-friendly load balancing (aware of cluster hierarchy) Also support for –Fault tolerance –Malleability –Migration

9. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Satin Example: Fibonacci fib(1) fib(0) fib(4) fib(1) fib(2) fib(3) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) class Fib { int fib (int n) { if (n < 2) return n; int x = fib(n-1); int y = fib(n-2); return x + y; } Single-threaded Java

10. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Satin Example: Fibonacci public interface FibInter extends ibis.satin.Spawnable { public int fib (int n); } class Fib extends ibis.satin.SatinObject implements FibInter { public int fib (int n) { if (n < 2) return n; int x = fib(n-1); /*spawned*/ int y = fib(n-2); /*spawned*/ sync(); return x + y; } (use byte code rewriting to generate parallel code) Leiden Delft Rennes Inter net Sophia

11. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Satin: Grid-friendly load balancing (aware of cluster hierarchy) Random Stealing (RS) –Provably optimal on a single cluster (Cilk) –Problems on multiple clusters: (C-1)/C % stealing over WAN Synchronous protocol Satin: Cluster-aware Random Stealing (CRS) –When idle: Send asynchronous steal request to random node in different cluster In the meantime steal locally (synchronously) Only one wide-area steal request at a time

12. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Summary: Ibis Java: write once, run anywhere Ibis provides efficient communication among parallel processes Satin provides highly-efficient load balancing among nodes of multiples clusters But how do we deploy our Ibis / Satin application?

13. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Grid Application Toolkit (GAT)

14. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Grid Application Toolkit (GAT) Simple and uniform API to various Grid middleware: –Globus 2,3,4, ssh, Unicore,... Job submission, remote file access, job monitoring and steering Implementations: –C, with wrappers for C++ and Python –Java

15. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Beatrix Architecture (or: how we thought we could get away with)

16. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies The Beatrix Architecture (what we finally ended up with)

17. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Why all these changes? Scalability –DAS-2 has O(100) nodes –Grid5000 has O(1000) nodes Network connectivity –Theory meets practice The is in the details...

18. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Changing Satin: Scalability Satin uses random work stealing (CRS): Requires connections between all Ibis nodes Old solution: all nodes connect to each other at startup time –previously, firewalls have signaled this as Denial of Service attack Problem: connections fail due to TCP server socket backlog –typically, 50 pending connection requests are queued –the rest will fail New solution: connect on demand with steal requests

19. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Changing the Ibis Name Server: Scalability Ibis name server provides totally ordered joins –Broadcast join messages to all nodes –Old: 1-by-1, sequentially to all nodes –Problem: one hanging connection slows down all nodes –New: message combining and multiple, sending threads

20. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Changing the TCP Driver: Connectivity Nodes advertise their IP address (to connect to) to the name server: Grid5000 nodes have up to 5 IP addresses: which one? –Global and local (RFC1918), like 10.x.y.z –Address registered in DNS –Some are routed, some are not Problem: incomplete and inconsistent information Solution: manual configuration, TCP-Ibis tries out multiple addresses

21. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Results achieved on the Grid5000 Testbed Solved n=22 in 25 minutes 4.7 million jobs, 800,000 load balancing messages

22. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies More Results...

23. European Research Network on Foundations, Software Infrastructures and Applications for large scale distributed, GRID and Peer-to-Peer Technologies Conclusions We used a mix of software: –Ibis with Satin –Java GAT with ProActive and ssh adaptors Scaling from 100 to 1000 processors required some redesign of Ibis and Satin Connectivity in Grid5000 is non-trivial (we still cannot connect Grid5000 with DAS-2) Ibis / Satin / GAT / ProActive has shown to be a viable and efficient Grid computing platform