2.  Demos Kratia-people rule  Magna Carta-Agreement between King John of England and nobles to restrict power of the monarchy (1215)

3.  Erasmus-Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and theologian of early 1500’s who criticized Catholic Church  Martin Luther- lead reformation of Catholic Church  John Calvin- Theologian, pastor and political reformer during Protestant Reformation who founded self-governing city of Geneva, Switzerland. His English followers were the Puritans.

4.  English Petition of Rights- sets out specific liberties that the king is prohibited from infringing. (1628)  English Bill of Rights- defined certain rights to which subjects and permanent residents of a constitutional monarchy were thought to be entitled. (1689)

5.  The Mayflower Compact- The Mayflower Compact was the first self-governing document of Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts, established by Pilgrims (Separatist Puritans)  The Great Awakening- Period of religious revival in America which gave colonists a shared national religious experience and spread ideas of self government. (1730- 1740)

6.  Jonathan Edwards- a Puritan Minster terrified listeners with his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”  George Whitefield - Puritan Minster who used raw emotional sermons to reach all classes of colonists

7.  Enlightenment- A movement in the 1700’s that rejected traditional ways of life and looked for a more rational and scientific way to explain the world we live in  John Locke-Wrote on Life, Liberty and Property, influenced Jefferson in writing of Declaration of Independence

8.  Thomas Hobbes- English philosopher who wrote Leviathan. Believed humans inherently bad, supported a constitutional monarchy  Baron de Montesquieu -believed in separation of powers  Separation of powers-in dividing power, there is less opportunity for abuse.

9.  Jean-Jacques Rousseau –promoted Social contract and Consent of the governed  Voltaire- promoted freedoms of speech and religion.

10.  Thomas Jefferson-principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States—“Writer in the Revolution”  James Madison-Led the writing of the Consitution, writer of Bill of Rights, 4 th president, “Father of the Constitution”  Samuel Adams - He is a leader in the Boston Tea Party and of the Sons of Liberty — “Instigator in the Revolution”

11.  Benjamin Franklin -Responsible for helping get the French to join the colonies against the British—”Negotiator in the Revolution”  John Adams - Constitutional lawyer and his intense analysis of historical examples, on Declaration writing committee and second President of the United States –“Thinker in the Revolution”

12.  Thomas Paine –Wrote Common Sense in 1776, a political pamphlet that criticizes the British monarch, supports colonial rebellion and justifies starting a new government— ”Advertiser of the Revolution”  George Washington—Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, first President of the United States; “Poster Child of the Revolution”