1. American Neoclassicism The Federal Period 1780 – 1830 (started 20 years after England)

2. The Lack of a Profession no architectural profession no large scale projects –residence of small scale public constructed by builders, craftsmen, bricklayers or amateur architects –pattern books

3. Charles Bulfinch Boston politician & gentleman amateur architect failed investment –had to practice to survive

4. Harrison Gray Otis Boston, 1790s, by Charles Bulfinch (very clear relationship to English Neoclassicism)

5. 1 2 3 4 clearly responding to Neoclassicism delicate ornamentation 1—tablets—inspired by Robert Adam 2—palladian window 3—fanlight— invented by Adam—attached to the front door 4—sidelights

6. lunette tripartite construction string courses

7. central hall double pile

8. Parlor symmetry citron/aquamarine Adamesque drapes—swag with double jabot wallpaper frieze classical arrangement allover or fitted carpet pier table—looks like mirror is attached/one piece because mirror goes below table

9. historically preserved space American furniture is more simple than England fireplace anchors the room—almost exact replica of Adam’s work

10. Thomas Jefferson: Politician member of Virginia House of Burgesses, 1769-74 member of Continental Congress, 1775-76 Governor of Virginia, 1779-81 member of Continental Congress, 1783-85 Minister to France, 1785-89 Secretary of State, 1790-93 (under Washington) Vice President, 1797-1801 (under J. Adams) President, 1802

11. Thomas Jefferson: Politician wanted a unique architectural expression for America anti-British

12. Thomas Jefferson: Scientist scientist / inventor farmer –believed that everything good about America came from its land –makes a concentrated effort to connect outside with inside father was a surveyor

13. Monticello Charlottesville, VA, by Thomas Jefferson, 1772-1812 trying to create an “American” interpretation

15. full-scale laboratory for building and testing design ideas

16. Villa Pisani by Palladio relied not on pattern books, but Palladio’s Quatro Libre

17. Hotel De Salm inspired while in France—felt it looked original

18. cruciform shape added a lot of windows— connection to outside four stories—basement, main 1 st,main 2 nd, rotunda

19. second floor first floor

20. conflict of window and balustrade

21. garden façade (personal)—shows much more of the inventor

23. Chinese Chippendale

25. like Hadrian’s cryptoporticus— so slaves were not visible to guests

26. invention so you saw only one slave

27. garden front public face

28. garden face—showing the scientist/inventor

29. Public/Front Façade—sense of refinement and simplicity

30. weather vane— indication of scientist double faced clock—one mechanism

31. compass indicator from weather vane version of the Doric order—connection to Greece, the original democracy

32. Entry Hall: The First American Museum busts of politicians specimen of the American landscape simple furniture—slave made; trade skill when freed

33. triple sash window— easy connection to outdoors

37. eagle & stars—popular motifs most floors a simple herringbone pattern

38. interpretation of the Versailles floor pattern Parlor collector of art—mostly portraits

39. Parlor

40. triadic color scheme musician

41. back doors of parlor

42. Dining Room fireplace most likely took this design from a pattern book—customary tablet that imitates jasperware

43. Breakfast/ Tea room— half- octagonal addition to dining room two sets of doors to create an air pocket these open for when both sets of doors are closed

44. Tea Room

45. gained a 180 degree view

46. Bedroom & the Venturi Effect alcove bed (French influence) to create a draft

47. morphed writing desk and chaise lounge candles built into chair invention creates two copies at once

48. to light closet skylight

49. library had over 10,000 volumes— largest private collection bed

50. design attributed to Jefferson holds five books at once allows reader to rotate stand unfolds as step ladder revolving five-sided book stand

51. American motifs American Cow Skull, Roman Urn, Hatchet, French Medallion

52. exploration of vertical circulation

54. building drum rotunda takes skills that Americans don’t yet have