1. Examining TCP/IP

2. Overview Introduction to TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol Suite Name Resolution
Examining the Data Transfer Process
Routing Data

3. Introduction to TCP/IP
The Communication Process
TCP/IP Layers
Identifying Applications

4. The Communication Process
Name
Address
Post Office
Name
Address
Post Office
Name
Address

5. Network Interface Layer
TCP/IP Layers
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Interface Layer
Application Layer
FTP
HTTP
Transport Layer
UDP
TCP
Internet Layer IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP
Network Interface Layer
Ethernet
ATM

6. Identifying Applications
UDP
TCP
FTP
HTTP
FTP Server
HTTP Server
TCP Port 20, 21
TCP Port 80
IP Address + TCP Port or UDP Port
= Socket

7. TCP/IP Protocol Suite Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
TCP/IP Utilities

8. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP
UDP
TCP

9. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP

10. Internet Protocol (IP)
Router
UDP
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP

11. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
UDP
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP
Router

12. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
UDP
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP

13. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
UDP
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP B C A
Cache 2 1 4 6 5
1. ARP cache is checked
2. ARP request is sent
3. ARP entry is added
4. ARP reply is sent
5. ARP entry is added
6. IP packet is sent 3

14. TCP/IP Utilities Connectivity Utilities Diagnostic Utilities
Ftp
Arp
Hostname
Ipconfig
Nbstat
Netstat
Ping
Tracert
Diagnostic
Utilities
Telnet
Tftp
TCP/IP
Printing
Service
Server-based
Software
Internet
Information
Services

15. Name Resolution Types of Names Static IP Mapping Dynamic IP Mapping
Name Resolution in Windows 2000

16. Types of Names Host Names NetBIOS Names
Assigned to a computer’s IP address
255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, hyphens, and periods
Can take various forms
Alias
Domain name
16-byte address
Used to represent a single computer or group of computers
15 of the characters may be used for the name
16th character is used by the services that a computer offers to the network
NetBIOS Names

17. Static IP Mapping Hosts File Lmhosts File
Provides name resolution for host names to IP addresses
Multiple host names can be assigned to the same IP address
Entries are case sensitive
Hosts File
Provides name resolution for NetBIOS names to IP addresses
A part of the Lmhosts file is pre-loaded into memory
Lmhosts File

18. Dynamic IP Mapping DNS Server WINS Server
DNS is a system for naming computers and network services
DNS naming system is organized in a hierarchical fashion
Maps domain names to IP address
Mapping records are stored on a DNS server
DNS Server
Provides a distributed database for registering dynamic mappings of NetBIOS names
WINS maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses
WINS Server

19. Name Resolution in Windows 2000
NetBIOS Name Cache 2
WINS Server 3
Broadcast 4
DNS Server 7
HOSTS
File 6
LMHOSTS 5
Enter Command 1
NetBIOS Name Resolution
Enter Command 1
Local Host Name 2
DNS Server 4
WINS Server 6
LMHOSTS
File 8
NetBIOS Name Cache 5
HOSTS 3 7
Broadcast
Host Name Resolution
Enter Command 1
Local Host Name 2
DNS Server 4
WINS Server 6
LMHOSTS
File 8
NetBIOS Name Cache 5
HOSTS 3 7
Broadcast
Host Name Resolution
NetBIOS Name Resolution

20. Examining the Data Transfer Process
Packet Terminology
Frame Components
Data Flow

21. Packet Terminology
Segment
Message
Datagram
Frame

22. Frame Components Header Data Trailer 0.5 KB - 4 KB CRC Source Address
Alert Signal
Destination
Address

23. Data Flow UDP TCP FTP HTTP IP ICMP IGMP ARP Ethernet ATM Data Internet
Preamble
Data
CRC IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP
Ethernet
ATM
Transport
Data
UDP
TCP
FTP
HTTP
Application
Data
FTP
HTTP
Data
UDP
TCP
FTP
HTTP
Preamble
Internet
Transport
Application
Data
CRC
FTP
HTTP
Data IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP
Ethernet
ATM
Data
Ethernet
ATM
Data
UDP
TCP IP
ICMP
IGMP
ARP

24. Routing Data
IP Routing
Data Transfer Across Routers

25. Portion of Routing Table
IP Routing
IP Routing
Router
Portion of Routing Table

26. Data Transfer Across Routers
Is destination local?
Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add the router’s MAC address
Always add the destination’s IP address
Verify packet
Verify IP address
Send the packet up to the next layer
Decrease TTL
Is destination local? Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add another router’s MAC address
Verify packet
Verify IP address
Send the packet up to the next layer
Verify packet
Decrease TTL
Is destination local? Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add another Router’s MAC address
Is destination local?
Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add the Router’s MAC address
Always add the destination’s IP address
Router 2
Router 1 A B C D

27. Review Introduction to TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol Suite Name Resolution
Examining the Data Transfer Process
Routing Data