1. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Section IV Symbols and Higher-Level Activities Unit 25 Higher-Level Activities and Concepts

2. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Algebraic Thinking A way of thinking beyond numerical reasoning Can begin in the elementary grades Reflected in pre-primary children: –sorting and grouping objects –combining groups –counting totals –building with blocks –using objects as symbolic representations Is supported by science inquiry activities

3. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Higher Levels of Classification Multiple classification Inclusion relations Hierarchical classification

4. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Reproducing Shapes Done informally –geoboards –pipe cleaners or straws can be left out for children to use to make shapes

5. Reproducing Shapes Done informally –Geoboards –pipe cleaners or straws can be left out for children to use to make shapes

6. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Spatial Relations Introduce children to maps Begin with a classroom map Include maps in the dramatic play area

7. Spatial Relations Introduce children to maps Begin with a classroom map Include maps in the dramatic play area

8. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Fourth Level of Graphs Introduces the use of squared paper –child colors in squares drawn on a paper

9. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Concrete Whole Number Operations Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Requires that child has a basic understanding of –one-to-one correspondence –number and counting –comparing

10. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Symbolic Level Connecting groups and symbols in addition and subtraction Requires that the child can –connect groups and symbols –identify numerals zero to nine –do concrete addition and subtraction problems

11. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Quantities Above Ten Require that the child can –count 10 objects correctly –identify numerals 1 to 10 –have a good grasp of one-to-one correspondence –accurately count by rote past 10 –move on to counting quantities above 10

12. Computer Software Can be used to explore higher-level concepts and skills