1. BRAIN POP: WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO MIMIC SOMETHING?

2. FROM DNA TO RNA

3. WHAT IS THE POINT?

4. DNA is a nucleic acid, made of long chains of nucleotides DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF NUCLEOTIDES Figure 10.2A Nucleotide Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Sugar PolynucleotideSugar-phosphate backbone DNA nucleotide Phosphate group Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) Thymine (T) Sugar (deoxyribose)

5. DNA has four kinds of bases…. A, T, C, and G Figure 10.2B Pyrimidines Thymine (T)Cytosine (C) Purines Adenine (A)Guanine (G)

6. RNA is also a nucleic acid, yet it has –A different sugar (ribose) –Uracil instead of Thymine –Single strand, usually Figure 10.2C, D Sugar (ribose)

7. James Watson and Francis Crick worked out the three-dimensional structure of DNA, based on work by Rosalind Franklin DNA IS A DOUBLE- STRANDED HELIX Figure 10.3A, B

8. Hydrogen bonds between bases hold the strands together: A and T, C and G Figure 10.3D Ribbon modelPartial chemical structureComputer model Hydrogen bond

9. Helicase unzips and untwists the DNA strand and gets it ready to be used as a template for a new strand Figure 10.4B

10. In transcription, DNA helix unzips –RNA nucleotides line up along one strand of DNA, following the base-pairing rules Figure 10.9B

11. MAKING A PROTEIN EXITS OUT OF THE NUCLEUS… Many RNAs needed 3 types… mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

12. MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) Carries coded instructions for protein synthesis (translation) From the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

13. TRANSFER RNA (TRNA) Brings amino acids to the ribosome so it can build proteins

14. RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA) Makes up ribosomes