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AP Psychology Unit 07 - Overview

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Presentation on theme: "AP Psychology Unit 07 - Overview"— Presentation transcript:

1 AP Psychology Unit 07 - Overview
Studying and Building Memories Memory Storage and Retrieval Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Memory Improvement Thinking, Concepts, and Creativity Solving Problems and Making Decisions Thinking and Language

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3 Studying Memory Memory Extremes of memory

4 Studying Memory Memory Models
Encoding Storage Retrieval Parallel processing

5 Studying Memory Memory Models: Working Memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin Theory Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory

6 Studying Memory Memory Models: Working Memory
Modified version of the three-stage processing model of memory Working memory

7 Studying Memory Memory Models: Working Memory

8 Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Versus Automatic Processing
Explicit memory Effortful processing Automatic processing Implicit memory

9 Magic number is _____ Plus or minus ____
Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Capacity of Short-Term and Working Memory Magic number is _____ Plus or minus ____

10 Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Effortful Processing Strategies Chunking

11 Mnemonics Define Examples
Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Effortful Processing Strategies Mnemonics Define Examples

12 Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Effortful Processing Strategies Hierarchies

13 Overlearning Spacing effect Testing effect
Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Distributed Practice Overlearning Spacing effect Testing effect

14 Shallow processing Deep processing
Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Levels of Processing Shallow processing Deep processing

15 Making material meaningful
Building Memories: Encoding Dual-Track Memory: Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories: Making Material Personally Meaningful Making material meaningful Self-reference effect

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17 Memory Storage Retaining Information in the Brain
True or False? Memories are NOT stored in one part of the brain.

18 Memory Storage Retaining Information in the Brain: Explicit-Memory System: The Frontal Lobes and Hippocampus Hippocampus

19 Cerebellum Basal Ganglia Infantile amnesia
Memory Storage Retaining Information in the Brain: Implicit-Memory System: The Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Basal Ganglia Infantile amnesia

20 Memory Storage The Amygdala, Emotions, and Memory
Flashbulb Memories

21 Memory Storage Synaptic Changes
Aplysia Long-term potentiation

22 Memory Storage

23 Retrieval: Getting Information Out Measuring Retention
Recall Recognition Relearning

24 Retrieval: Getting Information Out Retrieval Cues: Priming

25 Retrieval: Getting Information Out Retrieval Cues: Context-Dependent Memory
Context effects

26 State dependent memory
Retrieval: Getting Information Out Retrieval Cues: State-Dependent Memory State dependent memory Mood congruent memory

27 Serial position effect
Retrieval: Getting Information Out Retrieval Cues: Serial Position Effect Serial position effect Recency effect Primacy effect

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29 Forgetting Forgetting and the Two-Track Mind
Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia

30 Forgetting Encoding Failure

31 Forgetting Storage Decay
Ebbinghaus curve

32 Forgetting Retrieval Failure

33 Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Interference
Proactive interference Retroactive interference

34 Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Motivated Forgetting
Self-serving personal histories Repression

35 Memory Construction Errors Misinformation and Imagination Effects
Loftus memory studies Misinformation effect

36 Memory Construction Errors Source Amnesia
Déjà vu

37 Memory Construction Errors Discerning True and False Memories
Memory studies Children eyewitness recall

38 Memory Construction Errors Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse?
Areas of agreement

39 Improving Memory How?

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41 Thinking and Concepts Cognition Concepts Prototypes

42 Creativity Creativity Convergent thinking Divergent thinking

43 Creativity Sternberg’s five components of creativity

44 Creativity Ways to boost creativity

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46 Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles
Algorithms Heuristic Insight Confirmation bias Mental set

47 Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles

48 Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments
Intuition

49 The Representative Heuristic
Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments The Representativeness Heuristic The Representative Heuristic

50 The Availability Heuristic
Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments The Availability Heuristic The Availability Heuristic

51 Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments Overconfidence

52 Belief perseverance Framing
Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments Belief Perseverance and Framing Belief perseverance Framing

53 Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments The Perils and Powers of Intuition

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55 Introduction Language

56 Language Structure Phoneme Morpheme English about ______ phonemes
Learning another language’s phonemes Morpheme Includes:

57 Language Structure Grammar Semantics Syntax

58 Language Development Receptive language Productive language
Babbling stage One-word stage Two-word stage Telegraphic speech

59 Language Development Explaining Language Development
Chomsky: Inborn Universal Grammar Language acquisition device Universal grammar

60 Language Development Explaining Language Development
Statistical Learning and Critical Periods Statistical learning Critical (sensitive) period

61 The Brain and Language Aphasia Broca’s Area Wernicke’s Area

62 Language and Thought Language Influences Thinking
Whorf’s linguistic determinism Bilingual advantage

63 Language and Thought Language Influences Thinking

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