1. Ch. 1 Housing is a Universal Need
Journal #1
Complete the following sentence: “The most important room in my home is _________________ because _________________.”
Objectives:
Define Housing and describe how it has evolved.
Analyze the basic physical and psychological needs that housing satisfies.
Compare and contrast housing needs among people of different ages and life stages.
Assess the importance of building homes that follow the concept of universal design.

2. Personal Programming
You and your spouse are currently looking for housing in the Spanish Fort area.
You have defined what your tastes, needs, and dreams are for the interior design of a home you would like
You are comfortable with a mortgage of 250,000 – 300,000 dollars
Look through the real estate guide and find 3 houses that come very close to fitting your specifications.

3. The Development of Housing
Basic role = protection; safe environment
Need for housing is shared by people around the world
House = any structure built for people to live in.
Housing varies greatly from place to place and from one time period to another.
3 basic types of housing: natural shelters, portable shelters, permanent shelters

4. HOUSES AROUND THE WORLD

5. Natural Shelters
Reliance on landscaping for a shelter (dug pits, caves, trees)
After invention of simple tools > tree limbs for roofs, ladders to reach higher caves on cliffs, levers to move rocks
Archeologist – have discovered bones, rock paintings, and pottery chips in caves occupied thousands of years ago

6. Portable Shelters
Devised by primitive people who survived by hunting, fishing & gathering fruits/veg
Had to move frequently for resources
Built shelters with a collapsible framework that could be taken apart and moved to the next location
Wood, animal skins, branches, grasses used
Still used today by Nomads (North African Bedouins live in tents made from camel hides or palm branches

7. Permanent Shelters
The development of farming and keeping herd animals gave reason for permanent shelters
Locations were wisely chosen
2 of the earliest = Israel and Syria
Tall grasses, bamboo, and other usable materials were materials used
What natural materials in our area could be used to make a permanent shelter?

8. Distinctions within Communities
Differences were based on an individual’s standing in the community
Two – story houses were built by the upper class, priests, and merchants
Behind these were the middle class homes
Outskirts of town were defined by mud-brick homes
Later, rich people gained more possessions and wanted more protected building sites

9. Comfortable Shelters
Homes before the Renaissance were not very comfortable (cold wind blew through the rooms, stone floors were cold, light came directly in through narrow windows)
In the 1300’s an increased interest in technology was applied to housing
Homes became brighter, better ventilated and more sanitary
Leisure time was considered in the construction of 19th century homes (relaxation, entertainment, privacy)

10. Housing Fits Human Needs
Physical Needs
Air, Sunlight, Shelter, Sleep, and Food
Psychological Needs
Love and belonging, Identity
*Would you rather live in a large home with out of the ordinary features or a smaller apartment in a safer neighborhood?

11. Housing and Individual Needs
Different people/families = different needs
Moving several times is not uncommon for families
Moving through the life cycle determines housing changes (beginning stage, parenting stage, launching stage, aging stage, retirement stage)

12. Special Housing Needs Older people People with disabilities
Meal preparation, house cleaning difficulties
Retirement housing
People with disabilities
Hearing impairments, visual impairments, wheelchair access, mental disabilities

13. Universal Design Until recently, most homes built for “average” users
Universal design (accomodating to all people of various requirements, needs, and abilities) becoming more popular
Barrier-free design is used in living spaces
Adaptable design features being used more (wheel chair ramp)

14. Challenges for Tomorrow
Create housing useful to the greatest number of people
Universal design features included in every home
Make better housing available to low and middle income people
Conserve energy and natural resources

15. Classwork
Checking Your Understanding
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Applications
# 5