1. Body Language

2. Student name: Rawan hawari Fedaa dagamseh Tasneem talafha
Ekram mryaaan
Mouna tawalbeh

3. outline: body language Definition Types of body language
Examples of body language

4. body language Definition
Definition Silent (non-verbal) messages communicated through the sender's body movements, facial expressions, voice tone and loudness, etc. In social psychology, all behavior in presence of another person is considered communication. Also called kinesic communications.

5. Body language is an important part of communication which can constitute 50% or more of what we are communicating. If you wish to communicate well, then it makes sense to understand how you can (and cannot) use your body to say what you mean

6. Body language is a vital part of the whole communication process
Body language is a vital part of the whole communication process. It can determine either a positive or negative reaction from the one you are talking to.
and may come from any part of the body: eyes and eyebrows, lips, arms, and any other part that the receiver of the message see’s.
It is important to be aware of the different body actions that you do while conversing (or even when not speaking) to avoid unnecessary and even unpleasant reactions.

7. Eyes And Eyebrows
The eyes are said to be the windows to our soul. Though it may sound too cryptic and deep, it holds a bit of truth that the person you are talking to may see some of the thoughts that you are holding back, or perhaps even misinterpret your eye's actions from what you would like him or her to understand.
Even the position and movement of your eyebrows are some of the most noticed elements when you communicate with a person face-to-face.

8. A classic example on body language that conveys an apprehensive or burdened mood is when you have your eyebrows converging in the middle, as with frowning. Even if you talk softly and slowly, the person whom you are interacting with may think that you are almost at your temper's threshold.

9. Lips
Another body part that is usually interpreted for the probable mood of a person is the mouth.
Though we have different shapes and positions for our lips, particularly as to how they form, there are some universal notions regarding how we would most probably feel while in a conversation.
Here are some examples on body language of the lips.

10. A retracted lower lip that is almost bit by the upper teeth is usually a sign that the person is holding back and waiting for affirmation or action from the other person.

11. On the other hand, a retracted upper lip that's bit by the lower teeth usually signifies a person who's holding back and keeping mixed reactions, as with a reaction to the message being conveyed by the other.
Such small movements of the lips have significant implications to the person seeing them and may serve as a basis to either continue or halt the communication process.

12. Extremities
The arms and legs are considered responsible for a larger concept of body language, as these are more profound and have a heavier impact.
Crossing the arms over the chest usually signifies doubt, mistrust, impatience, or closed-mindedness. Coupled with the body resting on one leg and having the other stepped away and angled, the whole idea of this unwelcoming look is heightened

13. Types of body language Body language comes in clusters
of signals and postures, depending on the internal emotions and mental states
1. Aggressive body language: Showing physical threat.
2. Attentive body language: Showing real interest.
3. Bored body language: Just not being interested.
4. Closed body language: Many reasons are closed

14. 5. Deceptive body language: Seeking to cover up lying or other deception.
6. Defensive body language: Protecting self from attack.
7. Dominant body language: Dominating others.
8. Emotional body language: Identifying feelings.
9. Evaluating body language: Judging and deciding about something.
10. Greeting body language: Meeting rituals.
11. Open body language: Many reasons for being open.

15. 12. Power body language: Demonstrating one's power. 12.
13. Ready body language: Wanting to act and waiting for the trigger.
14. Relaxed body language: Comfortable and unstressed.
15. Romantic body language: Showing attraction to others.
16. Submissive body language: Showing you are prepared to give in

16. Defensive body language
When a person is feeling threatened in some ways, they will take defensive body postures.
Defending from attack
The basic defensive body language has a primitive basis and assumes that the other person will physically attack, even when this is highly unlikely.

17. Covering vital organs and points of vulnerability
In physical defense, the defensive person will automatically tend to cover those parts of the body that could damaged by an attack.
The chin is held down, covering the neck. The groin is protected with knees together, crossed legs or covering with hands. The arms may be held across the chest or face.

18. Dominant body language
Dominant body language is related to aggressive body language, though with a less emotional content.
Size signals
The body in dominant stances is generally open, and may also include additional aspects.

19. Making the body high
Height is also important as it gives an attack advantage. This can be achieved by standing up straight or somehow getting the other person lower than you, for example by putting them on a lower seat or by your standing on a step or plinth.

20. The handshake
A classic dominant handshake is with the palm down, symbolically being on top. Another form of dominant handshake is to use strength to squeeze the other person.
Holding the other person's hand for longer than normal also shows that you are in control.

21. Eyes
Prolonged, unblinking eye contact acts like overplaying the handshake -- it says 'I am powerful, I can break the rules.' The dominant person may alternatively prevent eye contact, saying 'You are beneath me and I do not want even to look at you.‘
Speaking
The person who speaks first often gets to control the conversation, either by talking for longer or by managing the questions.

22. Responding to dominance
If others display dominant body language you have a range of options.
The simplest response is simply not to submit, which is what they probably want. Continue to appear friendly and ignore their subtle signals.
Another response is to fight dominance with dominance,

23. Emotional body language
With careful observation, emotions may be detected from non-verbal signs. Remember that these are indicators and not certain guarantees. Contextual clues may also be used, in particular what is being said to the person or what else is happening around then.

24. Fear, anxiety and nervousness
Anger
Anger occurs when achievement of goals are frustrated.
Neck and/or face is red or flushed.
Baring of teeth and snarling.
Clenched fists.
Fear, anxiety and nervousness
Fear occurs when basic needs are threatened. There are many levels of fear, from mild anxiety to blind terror.

25. The many bodily changes caused by fear make it easy to detect:
Pale face ( Dry mouth, which may be indicated by licking lips, drinking water, rubbing throat).
Not looking at the other person.
Damp eyes.
Trembling lip.
Varying speech tone.
Speech errors

26. Voice tremors.
Visible high pulse (noticeable on the neck or movement of crossed leg.
Sweating.
Tension in muscles: clenched hands or arms, elbows drawn in to the side, jerky movements, legs wrapped around things.
Gasping and holding breath.

27. Sadness
Sadness is the opposite of happiness and indicates a depressive state.
Drooping of the body.
Trembling lip.
Flat speech tone.
Tears.

28. Embarrassment
Embarrassment may be caused by guilt or transgression of values.
Neck and/ or face is red or flushed.
Looking down or away from others. Not looking them in the eye.
Grimacing, false smile, changing the topic or otherwise trying to cover up the embarrassment.

29. Surprise
Surprise occurs when things occur that were not expected.
Raised eyebrows.
Widening of eyes.
Open mouth.
Sudden backward movement.
Happiness
Happiness occurs when goals and needs are met.
General relaxation of muscles.
Smiling (including eyes).

30. Greeting body language
There are many possible components of greeting as the styles vary significantly across social groups and cultures.
Greeting is a ritual that helps break the ice and paves the way for appropriate other interaction. Greetings can include signals that may even be secret.

31. Formality is often an important factor, and when you move from a formal greeting to an informal greeting is an important factor in development of a friendship. Too early and it is an insult. Too late and it you may be considered arrogant or distant.

32. Handshake Variables Handshake variables include:
Strength (weak - strong)
Temperature (cold - hot)
Moisture (damp - dry)
Fullness of grip (full - partial)
Duration (brief - long)
Speed (slow - fast)
Complexity (shake - dance)
Texture (rough - smooth)
Eye contact (prolonged - intermittent - none)

33. Styles
A firm grip shows confidence, whilst a limp grip may indicate timidity, particularly in men (women may be expected to be more gentile).
Palm down indicates dominance and a feeling of superiority ('I am on top'). Palm sideways indicate equality. Palm up indicates submission.
A long handshake can indicate pleasure and can signal dominance, particularly if one person tries to pull away and the dominant person does not let them.

34. Dominance may also be shown by using the other hand to grip the person, such as at the wrist, elbow, arm or shoulder. This may also be done by gripping the shaken hand with both of your hands. This may also indicate affection or pleasure (which allows for an ambiguous signal).

35. Salute Variables Style Salute variables include:
Shape of hand (straight - curved)
Speed (fast - slower)
Head-touch (forehead - none)
Shape (up-down - curved)
Style
The salute is a formal greeting where the open hand is brought up to the forehead. It is often used in the military in a strictly prescribed manner and situation.

36. There are several possible origins of this, including:
Shading the eyes from the brilliance of a superior person.
An abbreviation of raising one's hat or tugging the forelock (in the absence of a hat).
Raising helmet visor to show the face (to allow recognition and dispel fears of enmity).
Raising the hand to show it does not contain a weapon.

37. Waving Variables
Variables for waving include:
Open palm (flat - curved)
Movement angle (big - small)
Raised (above head - held low)
Direction (sideways rotation - up-down)

38. Style
Waving can be done from a distance. This allows for greeting when you first spot another person. It also allows for
Waves gain attention and a big, overhead wave can attract a person from some distance. This also makes others look at you and is not likely from a timid person.

39. Facial signals
The face is used a great deal in sending greeting signals, and accompanies other greeting activity for example saying:
Smiling: I am pleased to see you.
Frowning: I am angry with you.
Raised eyebrows: I am surprised to see you.
Eyebrows together: I do not know your name.
Looking down: I am inferior to you.
Expressionless: I do not care about you. .

40. held for a socially prescribed period
held for a socially prescribed period. Prolonged eye contact can indicate both affection and dominance. Little or no eye contact can indicate timidity ('I dare not look at you'), dislike ('I do not want to see you') or dominance ('You are unimportant and below my interest.'). As with the handshake, a dominant signal may be sent under cover of the 'friendly' greeting.

41. Words
The words used in greetings can change significantly with the culture and context.
Formality
Informal greetings often use non-words and short forms like 'Hi', 'Watcha', 'Yay' and so on. Formal meetings use more formal language, such as 'Hello', 'Greetings', 'Good day' and so on. In some cultures, greeting is very formal and a fixed set of words are required in specific situations, 'Greeting, O holy one, father of us all and master of the world'.

42. Relaxed body language
A relaxed body generally lacks tension. Muscles are relaxed and loose. Movement is fluid and the person seems happy or unconcerned overall.
Relaxed body
Breathing
Breathing is steady and slower. This may make the voice a little lower than usual.

43. Color
The color of the skin is generally normal, being neither reddened by anger or embarrassment, nor pale with fear. There are no unusual patches, for example on the neck or cheeks.

44. Hands
When we are anxious, we often use our hands to touch ourselves, hold ourselves or otherwise show tension. Relaxed hands hang loose or are used to enhance what we are saying. They are generally open and may shape ideas in the air. Gestures are open and gentle, not sudden nor tense.

45. Legs
Legs when sitting may sit gently on the floor or may be casually flung out. They may move in time to music, with tapping toes. They may be crossed, but are not wound around one another.
Note that legs can be a particular sign of hidden tension when the person is controlling the upper body and arms. When they are sitting at a table, what you see may be relaxed, but the legs may be held tense and wrapped.

46. Relaxed head
There are major signs of a relaxed person in their face.
Mouth
The person may smile gently or broadly without any signs of grimacing. Otherwise the mouth is relatively still.
When talking, the mouth opens moderately, neither with small movements nor large movement. The voice sounds relaxed without unusually high pitch and without sudden changes in pitch or speed.

47. Eyes
The eyes smile with the mouth, particularly in the little creases at the side of the eyes.
A relaxed gaze will look directly at another person without staring, and with little blinking. The eyes are generally dry.
Eyebrows are stable or may move with speech. They do not frown.

48. Any questions?