2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS TURKEY PART 2: STORMS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. TURKEY

4. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN TURKEY FLOODS STORMS EARTHQUAKES WILDFIRES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

5. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric and hydrospheric interactions create Storms

6. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

7. TURKEY IS AT RISK FROM INFREQUENT STORMS THAT CAN STRIKE SUDDENLY WITH LITTLE OR NO WARNING,...

8. NOT THE SEVERE SEASONAL WINDSTORMS, WHICH REQUIRE WARMER WATER

9. HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF RISK FOR STORMS EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

10. A STORM’S HAZARDS ARE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

11. HIGH VELOCITY WIND STORMS TURBULENT OCEAN WAVES RECORD RAINFALL RECORD SNOW FALL WATER, GAS, AND POWER OUTABES ISOLATION FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

12. A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A STORM INTERACT WITH TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES

13. SPRING STORM HITS TURKEY APRIL 18, 2012

14. LOCATION MAP

15. ISTANBUL

16. IMPACTS Severe weather conditions took a grip over much of western Turkey and stopped daily life in Istanbul. In Istanbul, bridges were closed and buildings collapsed as the wind reached speeds of 100 kph (60 mph)..

17. IMPACTS All sea transportation was canceled in Istanbul due to the high seas. Turkish Airlines cancelled 43 international and domestic flights due to the high winds.

18. HIGH WINDS CREATE WAVES

19. IMPACTS Lanes on the Bosphorus Bridge were closed down after a truck tipped over and drivers were unable to hold on to their steering wheels.

20. BRIDGE AND HIGHWAY CLOSED AFTER TRUCK OVERTURNED

21. WINTER STORM HITS TURKEY JANUARY 25, 2010

22. IMPACTS A fierce, overnight snowstorm caused power, gas and water outages in Istanbul. In Turkey's western region near the Greek and Bulgarian borders, villages were isolated when major roads were blocked by heavy snow.

23. WINTER STORM HITS TURKEY DECEMBER 10, 2001

24. IMPACTS The diverse physical phenomena generated by the storm: flooding, high winds, and blizzard conditions sank two ships in the Black Sea, isolated villages, and killed four people..

25. RESCUE Rescue workers on Monday gave up the search for a missing crew member from a Cambodian-flagged ship which sank in the Black Sea 65 km (33 mi) north of Istanbul. All the other members of the 18-man crew were rescued by a passing Russian ship.

26. RESCUE All eight crew members on board another ship which sank, the Turkish freighter, “Kalkavan, were rescued on Sunday.

27. IMPACTS Three hundred villages in the north-west were cut off by snows and vehicles were stuck on roads. 500 people were evacuated in Icel province amid fears of flooding.

28. IMPACTS The region had four times the average monthly rainfall, which inundated farm land

29. FARM LAND INUNDATED

30. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., storms, earthquakes,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

31. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

32. THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

33. THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.

34. THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

35. THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

36. THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

37. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A DISASTER IS DISASTER RESILIENCE

38. TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS STORM HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION Storm RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK STORM DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

39. IDENTIFY THE COMMUNITY’S HIGH RISK AREAS IN VIEW OF THE REGIONAL STORM HISTORY

40. REMEMBER: STORMS IN TURKEY ARE INEVITABLE ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING STORM DISASTER RESILIENT.

41. STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I.E., WORKING TOGETHER ON A COMMON GOAL) IS THE KEY TO BECOMING STORM DISASTER RESILIENT

42. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL STORMS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

43. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL STORMS PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF FUNCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

44. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL STORMS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI- FICATION AND EARLY WARNING ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

45. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL STORMS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE