2. Jozef Goetz, 2010 1 © 2009 Pearson Education Copyright (c) 2009 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

3. Jozef Goetz, 2010 2 Learning Outcomes  In this chapter, you will learn about:  The development of HTML  The transition from HTML to XHTML  XHTML syntax, tags, and document type definitions  The anatomy of a web page  Formatting the body of a web page  Formatting the text on a web page  Physical and logical style tags  Special Characters  Connecting Web pages using hyperlinks

4. Jozef Goetz, 2010 3 What is HTML?  The World Wide Web is composed of files containing Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)  HTML is based on SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language  Describes the general structure of the document  HTML Describes the Structure of a Page  It defines a set of common styles for Web pages  headings  paragraphs  lists  tables  and more  Each of these common styles has a tag associated with it to define the element  HTML  Made up of tags and attributes  The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a Web browser page.

5. Jozef Goetz, 2010 4 What HTML Is -- and What It Isn’t Heading Paragraph Bulleted List Paragraph

6. Jozef Goetz, 2010 5 What is HTML?  The text of the page  Adds special code (tags) around words and paragraphs  each individual markup code is referred to as an element or tag. Each tag has a purpose.  Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, " " symbols – referred to as container tags  Most tags come in pairs; an opening tag and a closing tag.  horizontal line: is a stand-alone or self-contained tag and doesn’t have a closing tag.

7. Jozef Goetz, 2010 HTML Whereas the text is the actual information contained in a page, the tags define the appearance of the document.  Every HTML tag is a name followed by an optional list of attributes, all enclosed between less-than and greater-than symbols ( ).  An attribute, if present, is followed by an equals sign and the value of the attribute.  Some tags can be used alone; others must be used in pairs.  Those that are used in pairs are called beginning and ending tags.  The beginning tag can have attributes and values and starts with the name of the tag.  The ending tag cannot have attributes or values but must have a slash before the name of the tag.

8. Jozef Goetz, 2010 HTML  The browser makes a decision about the structure of the text based on the tags, which are embedded into the text.  Scripting language that instructs a Web browser how to display a Web page  Less powerful than other computer languages  Runs within a browser, not stand-alone  One of the latest version: HTML 4.01  Is being replaced with XHTML

9. Jozef Goetz, 2010 8 What is HTML?  HTML tags that indicate:  page elements  structure  formatting  hypertext links  HTML tags are not case sensitive  XHTML tags are case sensitive  all tags and attributes must be written in lowercase  browsers ignore:  extra spaces  tabs  returns  tags are the only way to format an HTML page

10. Jozef Goetz, 2010 9 What HTML Is  The individual browsers map the tag to how it will be viewed  different browsers can display the same tag element in radically different ways  what this means is that a Web page may look perfect on your system and be unreadable on someone else's

11. Jozef Goetz, 2010 10 What HTML Is -- and What It Isn’t  In addition to the HTML tags defined in the various versions of HTML:  browser vendors defined their own browser-specific extensions

12. Jozef Goetz, 2010 11 What is HTML?  The World Wide Web is composed of files containing Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)  Scripting language that instructs a Web browser how to display a Web page  Less powerful than other computer languages  Runs within a browser, not stand-alone  One of the latest version: HTML 4.01  Is being replaced with XHTML

13. Jozef Goetz, 2010 12 Brief History of HTML  A Brief History of HTML Tags  HTML 2.0 HTML 2.0  HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866) was developed by the IETF's HTML Working Group, which closed in 1996.  It sets the standard for core HTML features based upon current practice in 1994.

14. Jozef Goetz, 2010 13 What HTML Is -- and What It Isn’t  HTML 3.2 HTML 3.2  W3C's recommendation for HTML which represented the consensus on HTML features for 1996.  HTML 3.2 added widely-deployed features such as –tables, –applets, –text-flow around images, –superscripts and –subscripts,  while providing backwards compatibility with the existing HTML 2.0 Standard.HTML 2.0 Standard

15. Jozef Goetz, 2010 14 What HTML Is -- and What It Isn’t  HTML 4.0 HTML 4.0  First released as a W3C Recommendation on 18 December 1997.  A second release was issued on 24 April 1998 with changes limited to editorial corrections.  This specification has now been superseded by HTML 4.01.HTML 4.01  HTML 4.01 HTML 4.01  The HTML 4.01 Recommendation released on 24th December 1999 fixes a number of bugs in the HTML 4.0 specification.HTML 4.01

16. Jozef Goetz, 2010 15 HTML Version Structure WML= Wireless Markup Language

17. Jozef Goetz, 2010 16 Markup Languages  HTML 5  The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1  http://www.w3.org/html/ http://www.w3.org/html/

18. Jozef Goetz, 2010 17 Markup Languages  The relationship between XHTML, HTML, and XML

19. Jozef Goetz, 2010 18 What is XHTML?  The World Wide Web Consortium http://w3c.org http://w3c.org  sets the standards for HTML and its related languages.  The newest version of HTML is actually XHTML – eXtensible HyperText Markup Language.  XHTML uses the tags and attributes of HTML along with the syntax of XML (eXtensible Markup Language).

20. Jozef Goetz, 2010 19 What’s wrong with HTML?  Forgiving coding errors and  display size limitation of new Internet devices:  WebTV  Personal Information Managers  Personal Digital Assistants - PDAs  Mobile phones  HTML does not fit this need today’s devices  the need for a descriptive rather than structural language became evident and XHTML was created.

21. Jozef Goetz, 2010 20 Programs to Help You Write HTML  Many programs available to help create HTML files  3 flavors of editors:  HTML-based text editors  WYSIWYG (What You See What You Get) editors  Combination of HTML-based and WYSIWYG editors Dreamweaver  There are also converters that generate an HTML file from an existing document.  For now use Notepad

22. Jozef Goetz, 2010 21 What is XHTML and Why Use It?  What is XHTML and Why Use It?  eXtensible HyperText Markup Language.  XHTML is the transition from HTML 4.0 to XML (Extensible Markup Language)  Expected benefits of the transition include: – places specific requirements on documents to ensure they are readable in future browsers, –an improved match to database & workflow applications, –a modular solution to the increasingly disparate capabilities of browsers, –and the ability to cleanly integrate HTML with other XML applications.

23. Jozef Goetz, 2010 22 XHTML  XHTML was developed by the W3C World Wide Web Consortium to be the reformulation of HTML as an application of XML.  Purpose :  Provides a more structured alternative to non- standard HTML  Provide ways to extend HTML and add new features  Separate content from presentation (>=XHTML 2.0)  XHTML combines  the formatting strengths of HTML and  the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML. –allows for custom tags

24. Jozef Goetz, 2010 23 What is XHTML and Why Use It?  XHTML Syntax  Use lowercase tags and attributes  Place attribute tags in quotes  All container tags must use their opening and closing tags. All tags are enclosed in angle brackets.  Terminate all non-empty single elements –add the closing slash (/) preceded by a space just before the ending greater symbol than (>) and become and  Tags shouldn’t be overlapped –nested -- Bold and Italic –overlapping -- Bold and Italic

25. Jozef Goetz, 2010 24 XML Declaration  An XML document must be well-formed i.e. adheres to the syntax rules  Use lowercase  Use opening and closing tags  Close stand-alone tag with special syntax  XML documents begin with an XML declaration as a directive. The basic form of this directive is (p.567):  UTF-8 a form of Unicode

26. Jozef Goetz, 2010 25 Document Type Definition (DTD)  W3C Recommendation: Use a Document Type Definition DTD to identify the type of markup language used in a web page (p.567): 1. XHTML 1.0 Transitional This is the least strict specification for XHTML 1.0. It allows the use of both Cascading Style Sheets and traditional formatting instructions such as fonts. We will use this for most of our coding in this text <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 2. XHTML 1.0 Strict 3. XHTML 1.0 Frameset

27. Jozef Goetz, 2010 26 XHTML 1.0 Transitional DTD This DTD module is identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers: PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd> http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd gives access to the DTD definition Document Type Definition DTD tag commonly called the DOCTYPE We will use mainly XHTML 1.0 version sometimes XHTML 1.1

28. Jozef Goetz, 2010 27 Versions of XHTML  Strict (XHTML 2.0)  Must follow complete XML coding rules  Must separate content from presentation  Presentation via Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)  Transitional (XHTML 1.0, 1.1)  Reformulation of HTML 4.01  Presentation and content tags exist  Frameset  Enable window-in-a-window effect

29. Jozef Goetz, 2010 Dr. Dobb's Update - 07/30/09 - HTML 5 vs. XHTML 2  XHTML 2 is related to XHTML 1.0 or XHTML 1.1 — and you'd be wrong. XHTML 1.0 is nothing more than HTML 4 with XML syntax. For its part, XHTML 1.1 is the same, but with the requirement that documents must be served with an XML MIME- type.  So XHTML 2 is history and we don't have to concern ourselves with it, right? Not really. A lot of people still prefer XHTML syntax. In their comic, Keith and Colbow introduce us to some of these folks who give very good reasons for their views. For example, if you want to keep on closing all tags and quoting all attributes, you can — using either XHTML 2 or HTML 5. HTML 5 lets you use whatever syntax you feel comfortable with. As Keith and Colbow point out, you can even serve your documents as application/XHTML+XML, transforming them from HTML 5 into XHTML 5. 28

30. Jozef Goetz, 2010 29 Document Type Definition (DTD)  The document type declaration names the document type definition (DTD) in use for the document.  Declares the document type  Required in XHTML  HTML 4.01 specifies three DTDs:   <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

31. Jozef Goetz, 2010 30 First Web Page <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- transitional.dtd"> an opening tag.... page info goes here a closing tag After the XML and the DTD, each web page begins with an opening and a closing tag.

32. Jozef Goetz, 2010 31 Head & Body Sections  Head Section (description) -- Contains information that describes the web page document. …head section info goes here  Body Section (contents) -- Used for text and tags that do show directly on the web page. …body section info goes here

33. Jozef Goetz, 2010 32 namespace xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml>  The location of the documentation for the elements being used http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/  This is an XML namespace defined in the XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language specification, and  is shared across XHTML Family document types

34. Jozef Goetz, 2010 33 XHTML and tags <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- transitional.dtd">.... Header info goes here.... Body info goes here

35. Jozef Goetz, 2010 34 The Title p.568-9  tag  gives a page a title  used in bookmarks  used by search engines  appears in browser title bar  goes inside the page header ( )

36. Jozef Goetz, 2010 35 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. HTML Code in Notepad and Browser Results Body goes in content area of browser Title goes in Title bar of browser

37. Jozef Goetz, 2010 36 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Saving an XHTML File from Notepad  By default, files from Notepad are saved with a.txt extension  If you try to save as filename.htm, then the saved file name will be filename.htm.txt  You can avoid this by either:  Making sure that the Save As Type entry is set as All Files instead of *.txt or  Saving with the name in quotes, like this: "filename.htm"

38. Jozef Goetz, 2010 37 Checkpoint 2.1 p.619  1. Describe the origin, purpose, and features of HTML.  2. Explain why you would use XHTML instead of HTML.  3. Describe the purpose of the header and body sections of a web page.

39. Jozef Goetz, 2010 38 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.1

40. Jozef Goetz, 2010 39 XHTML tag attributes  The tag can be used to set attributes (properties) for entire Web page, such as  Background color  Background image  Text color and  Link color  bgcolor  Configures the background color of a web page // dark navy blue  text Configures the color of the text on the web page  Check the XHTML Reference p.571 in the textbook for more body tag attributes

41. Jozef Goetz, 2010 40 Headings  Heading tags  Six levels:,,,,, and  used to divide sections -- similar to a book  displayed either in larger or bolder text  can be centered, underlined, capitalized  common to use a heading to duplicate the title

42. Jozef Goetz, 2010 41 Heading Tags Heading Level 1 Heading Level 2 Heading Level 3 Heading Level 4 Heading Level 5 Heading Level 6 is largest is smallest

43.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 42

44. Jozef Goetz, 2010 43 XHTML tag  Enter/Return key does not provide this in XHTML documents  Can use paragraph tag …paragraph goes here  Used to group sentences and sections of text together.  Text that is contained by and tags will have a blank line above and below it.

45. Jozef Goetz, 2010 44 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Closing Container Tags  XHTML rules require all tags have closing tags  Opening tag has tag code:  e.g.  Closing tag has forward slash in front of code  e.g.  Content placed between opening and closing tags  CONTENT  Browsers are forgiving, but XHTML rules are strict

46. Jozef Goetz, 2010 45 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Effects of Tags tag inserts white space and separates lines of text Without tag, Enter/Return has no effect on browser display HOP 2.2 +2.3

47. Jozef Goetz, 2010 46 Body and Text Basics  Structural elements, called  block-level tags p.572, control blocks of the text such as  headings  paragraphs and  list  Tags that effect individual section of text called text-level tags p.574

48. Jozef Goetz, 2010 47 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.2 + 2.3

49. Jozef Goetz, 2010 48 Self-contained tag  Line Break tag  the line break tag in HTML has no corresponding closing tag.  Many empty tags in HTML (i.e. tags with no text content) have no closing tags, but this is not true in XHTML.  to make an opening tag also be a closing tag, by placing a slash before the end bracket.  Stand alone tag …text goes here This starts on a new line….  Used to force a new line when the text on the web page document is displayed by a browser.

50. Jozef Goetz, 2010 49 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Attributes  Most tags can have attributes  Attribute is:  Information in the opening tag  Additional information that defines a tag  Attribute syntax:  attributename = “value”  Attribute – value pair

51. Jozef Goetz, 2010 50 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. The align Attribute  Specifies how text within the paragraph should be aligned  Options include: left, center, right, justify  Example:  CONTENT

52. Jozef Goetz, 2010 51 HOP 2.4:

53. Jozef Goetz, 2010 52 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Effects of align attribute Effect of

54. Jozef Goetz, 2010 53 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Effects of Headings Tags Dr. Know-It-All Recommendations Upcoming Books HOP 2.4

55. Jozef Goetz, 2010 54 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.4

56. Jozef Goetz, 2010 55 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Deprecation  Some HTML tags or attributes are deprecated  they are still supported but will be discontinued in strict XHTML  Deprecated tags/attributes are old (obsolete) versions  Replaced by newer, improved XHTML tags/attributes  Most browsers support deprecated tags  The align attribute is deprecated  Modern alignment is handled through style sheets

57. Jozef Goetz, 2010 56 XHTML tag  Preformatted Text tag  The preformatted text tag preserves your formatting and displays the text in a fixed-width or monospace font. …text goes here Line breaks and formatting are preserved  NOTE: Usually is used for listing programming or scripting code

58. Jozef Goetz, 2010 57 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Blockquote Tag  Used to indent a block of text for special emphasis. …text goes here  Indents contained text  Indentation from left and right margins and a line break is placed before and after the text  Nest blockquote tags to increase indentation

59. Jozef Goetz, 2010 58 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Effects of Blockquote Tag tag causes this indentation Nested causes more indentation HOP 2.3 – 2.5

60. Jozef Goetz, 2010 59 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.5

61. Jozef Goetz, 2010 60 XHTML List Basics  Definition List - dl  Ordered List - ol  Unordered List -ul

62. Jozef Goetz, 2010 61 Lists  List Tags Common Elements  opening and closing tag 1.definition list and –definition term and –definition data 2.ordered list and –list items 3.unordered list and –list items  list items have their own tag

63. Jozef Goetz, 2010 62 XHTML Definition List  Useful to display a list of terms an definitions or a list of FAQ and answers  tag Contains the definition list  tag Contains a defined term  tag Contains a data definition HOP 2.5

64. Jozef Goetz, 2010 XHTML Definition List Example IP Internet Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol

65. Jozef Goetz, 2010 64 1. Definition Lists

66. Jozef Goetz, 2010 65 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.6

67. Jozef Goetz, 2010 66 2. Ordered Lists Used to convey information in an ordered fashion

68. Jozef Goetz, 2010 67 2. XHTML Ordered List  Contains the ordered list  Two main ways to customize ordered lists  how they are numbered –type attribute default is numerals: 1, 2,…  the number with which the list starts –start attribute  Ex:  Contains an list item

69. Jozef Goetz, 2010 68 2. Ordered List  Type attribute can take one of five values  “1” Specifies standard Arabic numerals –1, 2, 3, 4,5  “a” Specifies lowercase letters –a, b, c, d, e  “A” Specifies uppercase letters –A, B, C, D, E  “i” Specifies lowercase Roman numerals –i, ii, iii, iv, v  “I” Specifies uppercase Roman numerals –I, II, III, IV, V

70. Jozef Goetz, 2010 69 2. Ordered List  Both the start and type attributes are used in the tag  start=“1” is the default value  type=“1” is the default value  By using the value attribute in the tag, numbering can be reassigned at any point Step 5 and …=>  So, it will start from MCXI.

71. Jozef Goetz, 2010 70 3. Unordered Lists Used to display information in bullet points

72. Jozef Goetz, 2010 XHTML Unordered List Example TCP IP HTTP FTP

73. Jozef Goetz, 2010 72 XHTML Unordered List  HTML 3.2 provided ways to customize unordered lists  They have been deprecated in HTML 4.0 in favor of using style sheets  Contains the unordered list  The type attribute customizes unordered lists  the type attribute has 3 possible values –disc - default –square, –circle  the type attribute is used in the tag  Contains an list item

74.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 73 list.html (1 of 3) Nested and Ordered Lists

75.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 74 list.html (2 of 3) Nested and Ordered Lists

76.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 75 list.html (3 of 3) Nested and Ordered Lists

77. Jozef Goetz, 2010 76 Comments  Comment  It’s a good rule of thumb not to include “--”, “ ”, or HTML tags within comments

78. Jozef Goetz, 2010 77 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.7

79. Jozef Goetz, 2010 78 XHTML Logical Style Tags see Tab. p.43-45  Indicate the logical ( general ) style used to display the text in between the container tags.  Common Logical Style Tags   To cause text to be emphasized or to "stand out" from surrounding text. Usually displayed in bold. This is important   To cause text to be emphasized in relation to other text on the page. Usually displayed in italics. Please note

80. Jozef Goetz, 2010 79 XHTML Physical Style Tags  Provide specific font instructions for the browser  Logical Style tags are preferred by the W3C  Physical Style tags  They provide specific fonts instructions for the browser  are discussed (see tab p.45) because some web developers still use them  Common Physical Style Tags   To display as bold text This is important   To display text in italics Please note  Logical Style Tags provides a wider range of Web access

81. Jozef Goetz, 2010 80 XHTML Special Characters  Used to display special characters such as quotes, copyright symbol, etc.  Character entity references (in the form &code; )  Numeric character references (e.g. & ) Numeric Code Character Code &#169© © &#60 < < &#62 > > &#38& &amp  See the Special Characters section textbook for a detailed list – appendix B p.596 text from CMPS 318 HOP 2.8

82.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 81 contact2.html (1 of 2)

83.  2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Outline 82 contact2.ht ml (2 of 2)

84. Jozef Goetz, 2010 83 Checkpoint 2.3  1. Provide a reason for using logical style tags rather than physical style tags.  The last one describes fonts rather than general styles for the presentation of info.  2. Describe the purpose of special characters.  Entity ch-rs, displays items such as quotation marks,, the copyright symbol etc. HOP 2.8

85. Jozef Goetz, 2010 84 Lab Excercises Hands On Practice 2.8

86. Jozef Goetz, 2010 85 XHTML tag  The anchor element  href (hypertext reference)  Indicates the target – destination page or location of the link  Text between the and is displayed on the web page. Contact Us  href Attribute  Indicates the file name or URL Web page document, photo, pdf, etc.

87. Jozef Goetz, 2010 86 Creating Links Opening Tag Closing Tag Text that will be displayed URL

88. Jozef Goetz, 2010 87 Glossary  Hyperlinks – clickable areas take the viewer to another location  Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – the Web address of a resource  Relative URL – local file or folder  Absolute URL – address on another Web server  Typically begins with http://  HTTP – hypertext transfer protocol  Web server – the computer hosting a Web site

89. Jozef Goetz, 2010 88 XHTML tag  Absolute link  Link to other Web sites Yahoo  Relative link  Link to pages on your own site Home

90. Jozef Goetz, 2010 89 Hyperlinks  Hands-On Practice Home index.html Resume resume.html Favorites favorites.html

91. Jozef Goetz, 2010 90 Copyright (c) 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Effects of, href, and title Tool tip generated by title="Home Page Link" Displayed text generated by text between the tag and the tag <a href=“ http://www.laverne.edu " title="Home Page Link">Click here to go to our home page! Mouse pointer changes when hovered over the link When user clicks, the page opened will be based on href=“ http://www.laverne.edu " title: Provides text that can appear in a tool tip when the mouse hovers over the link

92. Jozef Goetz, 2010 91 XHTML Email Links using the tag  Automatically launch the default mail program configured for the browser  If no browser default is configured, a message is displayed me@hotmail.com

93. Jozef Goetz, 2010 92

94. Jozef Goetz, 2010 93 Checkpoint 1.Describe when to use an absolute link. Is the http protocol used in the href value? 2.Describe when to use a relative link. Is the http protocol used in the href value? 3.What happens when a web site visitor clicks on an e-mail link?

95. Jozef Goetz, 2010 Writing Valid XHTML  Check your code for syntax errors  Benefit:  Valid code  more consistent browser display  W3C XHTML Validation Tool  http://validator.w3.org http://validator.w3.org

96. Jozef Goetz, 2010 95 Web Resources  www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11  www.xhtml.org www.xhtml.org  www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp  http://validator.w3.org http://validator.w3.org  hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/00/50/index2a.html  wdvl.com/Authoring/Languages/XML/XHTML  www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531

97. Jozef Goetz, 2010 96 Summary  This chapter provided an introduction to XHTML.  It began with an introduction to the HTML, discussed the transition to XHTML, continued with the anatomy of a web page, and introduced inline and block-level formatting, and demonstrated the XHTML techniques used to create hyperlinks.  You will use these skills over and over again as you create Web pages.

98. Jozef Goetz, 2010 Home Project – JavaJam Cofee House

99. Jozef Goetz, 2010 Home Project – Fish Creek Animal Hospital