1. American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Concurrent Powers Both may tax Both may borrow money Both may establish and maintain courts Both may make and enforce laws Both may take property for public purposes Both may spend for general welfare Powers Reserved to the State To regulate intrastate commerce To establish local governments To protect the health, safety, welfare, and morals of its citizens To ratify amendments To conduct elections To specify conditions for suffrage (except for specific prohibitions in the constitution To change state constitutions and governments3 Powers Delegated to the National Government Powers Delegated to the National Government To tax To regulate interstate and foreign commerce To borrow and coin money To declare war To raise and support an army To maintain a navy To provide for a militia To govern territories and property To define and punish piracies and other felonies on the high seas To establish post offices and post roads To grant patents and copyrights To fix standards of weights and measures To make all laws necessary and proper to carry out the above To tax To regulate interstate and foreign commerce To borrow and coin money To declare war To raise and support an army To maintain a navy To provide for a militia To govern territories and property To define and punish piracies and other felonies on the high seas To establish post offices and post roads To grant patents and copyrights To fix standards of weights and measures To make all laws necessary and proper to carry out the above Prohibitions on the National Government Direct taxes must be proportionate to population of states (changed by Sixteenth Amendment, 1913) Bill of Rights may not be abridged Preference may not be given to one state over another in matters of commerce State boundaries cannot be changed without consent of states involved Newly admitted states cannot be placed on a plane of inequality Prohibitions on Both the National Government and the States May not tax exports May not grant titles of nobility Prohibitions on the States May not enter into treaties May not coin money, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace May not pass laws impairing obligations of contract May not tax imports May not violate Federal Constitution or obstruct Federal laws CONSTITUTION From McKenna: The Drama of Democracy, 3rd Ed.

2. American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Sources: Adapted from Daniel J. Elazar, Exploring Federalism (Tuscaloosa, AL:University of Alabama Press, 1987), pp. 43–44; The World Almanac, 1996 (Mahwah, NJ: World Almanac Books, 1995). Federal Systems PopulationArea Name(thousands)(sq. mi.) Argentine Republic34,2931,065,189 Commonwealth of Australia18,3222,966,200 Federal Republic of Austria7,98732,374 Brazil160,7373,286,470 Canada28,4353,849,000 The Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros549838 Germany81,338137,838 Republic of India936,5461,266,595 Malaysia19,724127,316 United Mexican States93,986761,604 Federal Republic of Nigeria101,232356,667 Islamic Republic of Pakistan131,542307,374 Russian Federation149,9096,592,800 Swiss Confederation7,08515,941 United Arab Emirates2,92532,000 United States of America263,8143,618,770 Republic of Venezuela21,005352,143

3. American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Delegated, reserved, and concurrent powers Delegated PowersReserved PowersConcurrent Powers (Exclusively Federal)(State Powers)(Shared by Both) War powersEducationTaxing TreatiesMarriage and divorceRoad building Mail deliveryDrinking agePunishing lawbreakers Coining, printing moneyTraffic lawsSocial welfare programs Interstate commerceLocal business regulations Tariffs From McKenna: The Drama of Democracy, 3rd Ed.

4. American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1995 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995), Table No. 489. 1990 per capita general expenditures, selected states Per Capita General StateRankExpenditures, 1990 Alaska1$8,253 Hawaii24,365 Wyoming33,528 New York43,391 Rhode Island72,741 Washington142,340 Maryland212,057 South Dakota331,841 Mississippi441,708 Nevada452,280 Tennessee472,020 Florida482,017 Texas491,948 Missouri501,875