1. By: Julie Okeley

3.  How was U.S. Steel formed?  How did U.S. Steel come to Gary, Indiana?

4.  Elbert H. Gary  U.S. Steel’s first chairman  One of four U.S. Steel founding fathers along with  J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and Charles Schwab  City of Gary named after him

5.  The following link is to a newspaper article from February 9, 1901. The article reports gossip of a merger between big steel companies. This did eventually take place to form U.S. Steel, which began in 1901.  New York Times Article New York Times Article  Activity #1: Written Documents  Read through the Article and use the NARA document worksheet to analyze the article

6.  Use the NARA Cartoon Worksheet to analyze the political cartoon shown.

7.  This political cartoon portrays the attitude of Europeans in finding out about the creation of U.S. Steel  This depicts a fear the Europeans had towards America’s growing economic strength

8.  Gary was founded in 1906  It was founded by the United States Steel Corporation as a prime location for their new plant  Named after the Chairman of U.S. Steel at that time

9.  Some surrounding town already had developing industry  Whiting, Indiana: 1889, a refinery was set up by Standard Oil Company  East Chicago, Indiana: 1901, Inland Steel built a plant  Gary was referred to as a barren “wasteland” before the development by U.S. Steel

10.  High demand for steel in Midwest. U.S. Steel could not meet the demand, and was losing contracts as a result  Located on Lake Michigan  Proximity to Chicago  Access to railroads http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/histpoly/bigott/CALUMETMUSEUMWEB/ABOUTTHEREGION.htm

11.  Began in 1906  The whole city was planned around the steel mill  Had to move the Calumet River 1000 feet south of original path http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/dlsearch/results/detail.do?fullItemID=/nw/cra/ussteel/CRA-42-101-107

12. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/steel/tour/tour-8.html

13. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/steel/tour/tour-14.html

14. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/steel/tour/tour-1.html

15. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/steel/tour/tour-3.html

16. http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/dlsearch/results/detail.do?fullItemID=/nw/cra/ussteel/CRA-42-102-106

17.  Conveyer belt not practical at the time  Bridges used to scoop up materials  Emptied near blast furnaces http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/steel/tour/tour-7.html

18.  Students may work in group of 2. Each group choose one photograph that was shown.  Use the KWL chart to analyze the primary photo.  Then pick a different photo.  Use the SEA worksheet to analyze the next photo.  Use the internet to look up further information on the photograph.

19.  Steel mill took priority in funding  If the designers were short on budget, they would take from city planning project  Steel mill took priority in planning  Steel mill designed with most modern techniques, but the city was planned in a grid style, instead of diagonal or circular that would have better suited an urban development  Proximity issues also meant heavy pollution for the city

20. http://bl-libg-doghill.ads.iu.edu/gm-web/imdb/images/gary_indiana_vicinity_24.jpg

21.  1907  The intersection of 5 th and Broadway  This would end up the main intersection as businesses moved in

22.  Constructed 1909  Gary’s first City Hall  Corner of Massachusetts and 7 th Street

23.  With the Steel Industry came a diverse culture to Gary  Gary’s success was a direct reflection of the Steel Mill  Gary had the potential to be the “City of the Century” but economic hard times put an end to that dream  During times of economic prosperity, the city prospered. But, during times of economic hardships, the city suffered.

24.  With changes in industry, came changes in culture. Gary has a large African American culture with a rich history linked to the steel mills.  Click on the following link to learn about the history of the African American community in Gary from a documentary.  Use the NARA video worksheet to analyze the video. Gary DocumentaryGary Documentary