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THE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZERS

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Presentation on theme: "THE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZERS"— Presentation transcript:

1 THE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZERS
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE PATTERNS OF GROWTH: THE EARLY INDUSTRIALIZERS

2 Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE

3 Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
Taylorism Frederick Winslow Taylor, regarded as the father of scientific management (1878), looked into steel industry concluding four principles: Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. Scientifically select and train each employee. Divide work in different tasks and divide work between managers and workers, so that the managers plan and the workers perform the tasks. Pay workers according to their performance. Provide detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task. TAYLOR, Frederick Winslow, A Piece-rate System (1895) El taylorismo, basado en el principio de la 'administración científica' desarrollado por Frederick Winslow Taylor, puede considerarse como la racionalización de los procesos productivos al diferenciar las tareas de creación y ejecución, o lo que es lo mismo, al dividir la organización de la producción (directivos, ingenieros, entre otros) de las tareas mecánicas, asegurando un mayor control de la producción por parte de los gestores. Así, los aspectos mentales quedan separados por completo de las tareas manuales. Esto constituyó una ruptura total con los métodos de producción del pasado, cuando la producción se organizaba en función del tipo de artesanía y los artesanos creaban, organizaban y completaban las tareas manuales.

4 Relative share in World Industrial Output
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Relative share in World Industrial Output United Kingdom Germany France Habsburg Empire Italy US Japan Russia

5 European Industrial Growth per inhabitant 1825-1913
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE European Industrial Growth per inhabitant France Germany Italy Russia Spain Great Britain

6 Features of the US development
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Features of the US development 1. Previous dependence (Tea Party) 2. No traditions or privileges 3. Limitless and varied resources 4. High Population Growth (XIX c), Low population density 5. Melting pot and Safety valve (Turner) 6. Regional Specialization 7. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 8. Fordism 1950: 19 inhabitants per Km2 1790: 2 inhabitants per Km2

7 Features of the US development
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Features of the US development 1. Previous dependence (Tea Party) 2. No traditions or privileges 3. Limitless and varied resources 4. High Population Growth (XIX c), Low population density 5. Melting pot and Safety valve (Turner) 6. Regional Specialization 7. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 8. Fordism 1950: 19 inhabitants per Km2 1790: 2 inhabitants per Km2

8 United States territorial formation
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE United States territorial formation

9 Fordism: Mass Production
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Fordism: Mass Production T Model TAYLORISM + Assembly lines Mecanization High wages Consumption credits

10 Fordism: Mass production
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Fordism: Mass production Assembly line

11 United States GDP per capita levels
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE United States GDP per capita levels 1953 dollars

12 Foreign investment distribution in 1914
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE Foreign investment distribution in 1914 A Investor countries B Recipients Source: A.G. KENWOOD y A. L. LOUGHEED, op. cit

13 Periods Features France Development
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE France Development Periods : Political Revolution (Empire) : Slow Growth (Restauration) : Industrialization (Second Empire) : Turn-of-the-Century Crisis Features Scarce Population Growth Imitation and protectionism Small property Absence of raw materials Scarce urbanization: industrial dualism Drawbacks in credit system

14 Periodification Features German Development
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE German Development Periodification XVIII c. Zollverein (1833): awardeness of industrialization : Imitation and foreign influence : Franco-Prussian War (1871: Empire) Features : Industrial supremacy Unification process and regional differences Imitation Large size of the firm Free trade State Intervention Productive Dumping

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