1. Small-scale Sanitation: Dutch experiences at home and abroad Carel de Villeneuve Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management The Netherlands

2. Contents History of pollution control Small scale sanitation at home Small-scale sanitation abroad: the AKVO initiative

3. History

4. Surface Water Pollution Act Discharge into surface water without a licence is forbidden –Precautionary principle: pollution should be minimized, irrespectively of the type of substances concerned –No-deterioration principle: harmful substances should not increase in the environment Every polluter pays for: –Operation sewage treatment plants –Costs of restoration of the water system –Costs of administration Principles:

5. Small scale sanitation Statutory framework Municipalities must collect and remove waste water If not cost-effective, Provincial Executive may release them from this obligation

6. Connection to sewer or individual treatment of waste water type of dischargedistance to sewerrule households ( 10 p.e.) 40 mmunicipal sewer households (p.e) 11-25 26-50 51-100 100-200 > 200 100 m 600 m 1500 m 3000 m no limit municipal sewer households ( 10 p.e.) > 40 mlicence for discharge firm or farmno limitlicence for discharge

7. Individual waste water treatment facility Type of treatment system –Discharge on soil or surface water –Classification (depending on sensitiveness of surroundings and type/scale of settlement) –Septic tank, compact systems (biorotor, submerged bed, activated sludge system), sand infiltration systems or constructed wetlands Certification (construction, supervision of construction, design and functioning) Maintenance and supervision