1. The portion of the molecule in box 5 of Figure 12-1 is:
a hydrogen bond.
a pyrimidine.
a nucleotide
a phosphate.

2. The final product of DNA replication is:
DNA fragments.
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA molecules.
two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand.
the enzymes needed for further processes, such as DNA polymerase

3. Which of the following cause the unwinding of the DNA double helix?
Primosome
DNA helicase
RNA primer
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase

4. A replication fork:
is a site where one DNA strand serves as a template, but the other strand is not replicated.
is created by the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase.
is only seen in prokaryotic chromosomes.
is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously.

5. Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
DNA polymerase
Primase
RNA polymerase
DNA helicase
RNA primer

6. Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5' to 3' direction?
Because that is the direction in which the two strands of DNA unzip.
Because that is the only direction that the polymerase can be oriented.
Because the chromosomes are always aligned in the 5'to 3'direction in the nucleus.
Because the 3'end of the polynucleotide molecule is more electronegative than the 5'end.
Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3'end of a polynucleotide strand.

7. The 5' end of each Okazaki fragment begins with:
a DNA primer binding to the template DNA.
a separate RNA primer.
the same RNA primer that began synthesis on the leading strand.
a small DNA primer.
DNA polymerase binding to the template DNA.

8. The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the:
primary strand.
first strand.
leading strand.
alpha strand.
lagging strand

9. Okazaki fragments are joined together by:
DNA polymerase.
DNA ligase
RNA ligase.
primase.
RNA polymerase.

10. What is the rounded hourglass-shaped globule?
Helicase
Nitrogen base
Ribosome
DNA

11. According to Chargaff’s rule the following proportion exists in DNA
G=C
G>C
G<C
C=T

12. If one side of the DNA strand is GTAATC, the other side will be this
ACGGCT
CATTAG
GGGCCC

13. The nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule are held together by these
Covalent bonds
Phosphodiester bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Glue

14. DNA is described as a double helix. Why?
A. It is made of two strands of RNA.
B. It has two complimentary strands that are coiled in a spiral.
C. Every part of DNA has a matching part on another chromosome.
D. It can replicate itself and made an identical copy.

15. What term describes the phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base groups that make up DNA?
A. RNA
B. thymine
C. nucleotide
D. pyrimidine

16. The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called
Replication
Transcription
Translation
PCR

17. The transcribing enzyme is
Ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
amino-acyl transferase

18. Which molecule contains the genetic code?
RNA
DNA
mRNA
tRNA

19. Transcription occurs along a ____ template forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.
5' to 3'; 5' to 3‘
5' to 3'; 3' to 5‘
3' to 5'; 5' to 3‘
3' to 5'; 3' to 5'

20. RNA contains which bases?
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

21. Which mode of information transfer usually does not occur?
DNA to DNA
DNA to RNA
DNA to protein
all occur in a working cell

22. A DNA strand with the sequence AACGTAACG is transcribed
A DNA strand with the sequence AACGTAACG is transcribed. What is the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized?
AACGTAACG
UUGCAUUGC
AACGUAACG
TTGCATTGC

23. Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and transcription?
Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the newly synthesized strand
Deoxyribonucleotides are incorporated into the growing sequence
Both RNA and DNA polymerase require oligonucleotide priming
Both RNA and DNA polymerase initiate at promoter sequences

24. The process of producing an amino acid polymer (polypeptide) from a RNA template is called __.
replication
transcription
translation
duplication

25. Each amino acid in a protein is specified by
several genes.
a promoter.
an mRNA molecule.
a codon.

26. When mRNA leaves the cell's nucleus, it next becomes associated with
proteins.
a ribosome.
tRNA.
RNA polymerase.

27. hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Considering the structure of double stranded DNA, what kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other?
ionic
covalent
Van der Waals
hydrogen
hydrophobic and hydrophilic

28. Insertion Translocation Point inversion
What type of mutation is in the following DNA sequence? original: ATCGATCGCGAT mutated: ATCGAACGCGAT
Insertion
Translocation
Point
inversion

29. In DNA guanine always pairs with
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

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