1. Origins of the English Language

2. Written records of English have been preserved for about 1,300 years. Much earlier, however, a people living in the east, near the Caspian Sea, spoke a language that was to become English.

3. Proto-Indo-European The earliest family of languages made up of most of the languages of Europe, Iran, India, and other parts of Asia. Proto= “the first or earliest form of something” The earliest family of languages made up of most of the languages of Europe, Iran, India, and other parts of Asia. Proto= “the first or earliest form of something”

5. Indo-European Languages Proto-Indo-European people traveled and settled in parts of Turkey, Iran, India, and most of Europe. Their languages changed into what we now call Per- sian, Hindi, Armenian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Irish, Italian, French, Spanish, German, English, Dutch, Nor- wegian, Swedish, and most of the languages of Europe and India.

6. Timeline of Language in England People GroupLanguage 307 B.C.-1 A.D.- Celtic Celts/Britons C. 50 A.D. Romans Latin 449 A.D.- Angles & Saxons Danish Scandina- vian People GroupLanguage 307 B.C.-1 A.D.- Celtic Celts/Britons C. 50 A.D. Romans Latin 449 A.D.- Angles & Saxons Danish Scandina- vian

7. People GroupLanguage 597 A.D. Roman Missionaries Latin Latin words borrowed from Roman soldiers: mile, street, wall, wine, cheese, butter, dish After conversion to Christianity, these words were added to vocabulary: school, candle, alter, paper, circle People GroupLanguage 597 A.D. Roman Missionaries Latin Latin words borrowed from Roman soldiers: mile, street, wall, wine, cheese, butter, dish After conversion to Christianity, these words were added to vocabulary: school, candle, alter, paper, circle Timeline of Language in England

8. People GroupLanguage 793 A.D.- VikingsNorse/ Scandin- avian get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, them Words borrowed from Vikings: get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, them People GroupLanguage 793 A.D.- VikingsNorse/ Scandin- avian get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, them Words borrowed from Vikings: get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, them Timeline of Language in England

9. People GroupLanguage 849-899 A.D.Saxon Alfred the Great(Old English) Words from Old English/Anglo-Saxon: Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east (east) People GroupLanguage 849-899 A.D.Saxon Alfred the Great(Old English) Words from Old English/Anglo-Saxon: Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east (east) Timeline of Language in England

10. Anglo- Saxon Roots

11. People GroupLanguage 1066 A.D.French William the Conqueror (Normans) Words from borrowed from French: abjure, abstain, account, beverage, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, cancel, canon, found People GroupLanguage 1066 A.D.French William the Conqueror (Normans) Words from borrowed from French: abjure, abstain, account, beverage, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, cancel, canon, found Timeline of Language in England

12. Hwæt! Wé Gárdena in géardagum Listen! We --of the Spear Danes the days of yore, þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon· of those clan-kings– heard of their glory. hú ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon. how those nobles performed courageous deeds. Oft Scyld Scéfing sceaþena þréatum Often Scyld Scaef’s son, from enemy hosts monegum maégþum meodosetla oftéah· from many peoples seized mead-benches; egsode Eorle syððan aérest wearð and terrorised the fearsome Herudli after first he was féasceaft funden hé þæs frófre gebád· found helpless and destitute, he then knew recompense for that:- wéox under wolcnum· weorðmyndum þáhhe waxed under the clouds, throve in honours, oð þæt him aéghwylc þára ymbsittendra until to him each of the bordering tribes ofer hronráde hýran scolde, beyond the whale-road had to submit, gomban gyldan· þæt wæs gód cyning. and yield tribute:- that was a good king! Beowulf Manuscript