2.  Is learned  Diffuses (spreads)

3. Cultural traits: e xpressions of culture ▪ beliefs ▪ clothes, food ▪ “building blocks” of culture Masai of Kenya: centered on cattle U.S. football: sports culture

4. Folk Culture: tradition practices - small, homogeneous, rural group

5. Terraced Rice Fields, Thailand Hogan, AZ yurt, Mongolia Folk Culture and the Land

7. New England Mid-Atlantic Southern Tidewater

9. Popular Culture: wide-ranging traits across a group of heterogeneous people

10. Clothing: Jeans…

11. Effects on Landscape: - sameness; “placelessness”

12. How do cultural traits diffuse? Hearth: the point of origin of a cultural trait. Contagious diffusion Hierarchical diffusion

13. Material Culture art, houses, clothing, food Nonmaterial Culture beliefs, music, oral traditions

14. Little Sweden (Lindsborg, Kansas): Is the Swedish Dala horse part of material or nonmaterial culture?

15. neolocalism: reinvigorating in response to the “modern”

16. a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs & behaviors of another acculturation: a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs & behaviors of another : one cultural group dominated by another assimilation: one cultural group dominated by another : the merging of two different cultural forms syncretism: the merging of two different cultural forms ex: Santeria Phoenix Indian School, 1900 Pocahontas in England 1616

17. With Distance Decay, diffusion decreases as distance from hearth increases. With Time-Space Compression, the likelihood of diffusion depends technology

18. The visible human imprint on the landscape.

20. - organized system of spoken words Dialect: regional differences Migration & Isolation

23. Main Branches: Germanic - Dutch, German Romance - Spanish, French Baltic-Slavic - Russian Indo-Iranian - Hindu, Bengali

24. Lingua franca: a language widely spoken (Ex: English as global business language) Pidgin language: combination of two or more languages into a simplified vocab (for trade; Ex: Swahili) Creole language: a pidgin that has become an official language “No eat da candy, Bruddah, it's pilau. Da thing wen fall on da ground.”

25. TOPONYM: a place name Devil’s Tower, WYBadwater, Death Valley Mt Cook, New Zealand Cook Islands, Polynesia

27. group beliefs (rituals, religious landscapes) Universalizing Religions:  Christianity  Islam  Buddhism Ethnic Religions:  Judaism  Hinduism