1. Lexical access in spoken word production Ming-Wei Lee John N. Williams (2001) KKH CogSci.

2. The Question When bilinguals speak a word, are words of other language activated?

3. Contents Evidences for activation of unwanted language Inhibitory semantic competitor priming effect(Wheeldon et al, 1994) 1 Main/2 Sub Experiment (Design/Result) Summary/Proposal

4. Errors from normal & brain-damaged bilinguals Tongue slips made by Dutch-English bilinguals(Pouliesse et al, 1994) –"and then you neem a smaller, take a smaller elevator. “ –"twelve is a star with, a stuck of uh, a piece of star." Picture naming errors of a deep dyslexic Nepalese-English bilingual (Byng et al, 1984) –1/5 errors in Nepalese naming were correct names in L2 English

5. Bilinguals are slow in picture-naming Magiste(1979) –German-Swedish bilinguals were slow in picture-naming than Swedish monolinguals. –Because more words are activated? –Or the word frequency effect?

6. Picture-word interference Hermans et al.(1998) –Auditory distractor(L1) -> Picture naming(L2) mountain Semantically related distractor dal(valley)- (mountain) Phonologically similar to L1 equivalents of L2 target berm(verge)-berg(mountain) L1(Dutch)L2(English) BergMountainTarget Word BermVergePhonological similarity in L1 DalValleySemantically Similarity in L2

7. Picture-word interference Costa et al(1999) –Facilitation found by translation equivalent word distractor –The suspected reason L2 proficiency The modality of the distractor

8. Picture-word interference (Herman et al, 1999)

9. Picture-word interference (Costa et al, 1999)

10. Wheeldon and Monsell’s(1994) Def. naming Picture naming The largest creature in the sea “Whale” “Dog”

11. Picture naming Def. naming The largest creature in the sea “Whale” Picture naming “Shark” Def. naming Long thin object to write with “Pen” Wheeldon and Monsell’s(1994) “Dog” Inhibitory Semantic Competitor Priming Effect Transient Facilitatory Effect Does the inhibitory semantic competitor priming effect occurs across languages?

12. Method Regular block used for building walls It rises in the east and sets in the west Everest is the highest _______ in the world. Regular block used for building walls It rises in the east and sets in the west Everest is the highest _______ in the world. Brick Sun Mountain

13. Method ****

14. Method Regular block used for building walls It rises in the east and sets in the west Everest is the highest _______ in the world. Regular block used for building walls It rises in the east and sets in the west Everest is the highest _______ in the world. Primed/ Unprimed Primed/ Unprimed Target Language Preceding Language Primed ConditionPreceding Lang.Target Lang.

15. Design(Priming Effect) Primed ConditionPreceding Lang.Target Lang. Primed (Semantic Competitor) English French Unprimed (Controlled) English French Within-lang. competitor priming inhibition Cross-lang. competitor priming inhibition

16. Design (Selected Language Bias) Primed ConditionPreceding Lang.Target Lang. Primed (Semantic Competitor) English French English Unprimed (Controlled) English French Does priming effect disappear?

17. Result Preceding language was English (No inhibition of English words) Target Lang. Within-lang. Competitor Priming Inhibition Within-lang. Competitor Priming Inhibition Cross-lang. Competitor Priming Inhibition Cross-lang. Competitor Priming Inhibition

18. Result Preceding language was French (English words are inhibited) Target Lang. No priming effect. Evidence for Selected Language Bias No priming effect. Evidence for Selected Language Bias

19. Result Language Change Effect Target Lang. Preceding Lang.

20. Is cross-language competitor inhibition genuine? Cross-language competitor inhibition might within-language inhibition in disguise, when subjects use translation at the word-form level in producing L2 words 산 산 Mountain

21. Repetition Priming 산 산 평지보다 높이 솟아 있는 땅의 부분. 산 산 산 산 Mountain

22. Summary Cross-language semantic competitor inhibition Selected-language bias (Inhibition of unwanted language) L1-to-L2 transit is more difficult than L2-to-L1 transit. No cross-language repetition priming effect = genuine cross-language semantic competitor inhibition.

23. Different Time Course of Different Priming Semantical Facilitatory Effect Semantical Inhibitive Effect Repetition Facilitatory Effect Trial 2 3 4 5 6 ConceptualLexicalizationPhonological Within-lang. Cross-lang. Within-lang.

24. Proposal Importance of different modality and the direction of process(production/sensory input) PrimingTarget IWord-seeingPic-namingCosta,1999 SRWord-hearingPic-namingHerman, 1999 SRDef-namingPic-namingThis paper