1. Cognitive Psychology
Unit 3

2. Comparing Perspectives3

3. What is Cognitive Psychology
Definition
Key Figures
Basic Assumptions

4. Definition Cognitive Approach
Approach that attempts to understand us from the point of view of our information processes (cognitions) and how they influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

5. Key Figures and Contributions
Wilhelm Wundt
Founded Structuralism and Introspection
Structuralism was the root of modern cognitive psychology
Introspection-process of observing one’s own mental processes
Jean Piaget-
Introduced Theory of Cognitive Development
Albert Bandura
Theories of observational learning and Social Learning theory
Julian Rotter
Theories of Social Learning theory and Locus of Control

6. Lesson Closing
Get Sheet of paper on Cognitive Psychology from back of room
Task #1:
Write 3 Things that are important to know about Cognitive Psychology:
Write one way in which cognitive psychology is different from either behavioral or psychodynamic perspective

7. Bell Work Come in and get reading right away
After 15 Minutes; Get notes outline ready for notes!

8. Basic Assumptions
Cognitive psychology is a pure science, based mainly on laboratory experiments.
Behavior can be largely explained in terms of how the mind operates (Information Processing)
The mind works in a way similar to a computer: inputting, storing and retrieving data.
Mediational processes occur between stimulus and response.
Also called cognitions and Information Processing

9. Key Concepts Cognitive Development Observational/Social Learning
Locus of Control
Reciprocal Determinism
Multiple Intelligences

10. Locus of Control Internal External
Control over future events/outcomes relies primarily on self
Believes success/failures in one’s own hands
External
Control over future events/outcomes is outside of self. Either in hands of powerful people, or in fate/chance
Believes success/failures in other’s hands

11. Examples: Grades in School
It doesn’t matter how hard I study; the teacher doesn’t like me.
External
The harder I study the better grades I will get.
Internal
That play didn’t work because I missed my assignment
Internal
That play didn’t work b/c our coach called a dumb call
External
Concepts

12. Reciprocal Determinism
Theory that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.
Behavior is controlled by person through thinking and by the environment through external social stimulus events.
Child-Acting Out in School Example

13. Reciprocal Determinism Example
School / teacher dislikes child
Poor environment for teachers / other students
Methods used to stop misbehavior
Constant Battle
Child Hates School
Misbehavior
Doesn’t Want to be there
Concepts

14. Multiple Intelligences
Developed by Howard Gardner in 1983.
Suggests that intelligence cannot be defined by a simple number (31 on ACT)
People have capacity to solve problems and demonstrate intelligence in many ways, not just with numbers/words

15. 8 Multiple intelligences
1. Verbal-Linguistic: abilities to use vocabulary, do verbal analysis, understand metaphors, and comprehend and produce complex verbal material
2. Logical-Mathematical: involves numbers and computing skills, recognizing patterns and relationships, timelines, ability to solve different kinds of problems through logic
3. Visual-Spatial: involves visual perception of the environment, ability to create and manipulate mental images, and the orientation of the body in space
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic: physical coordination and dexterity, using fine and gross motor skills, and expressing oneself or learning through physical activities
5. Musical-Rhythmic: understanding and expressing onself through music and rhythmic movements or dance, or composing, playing, or conducting music
6. Naturalistic: understanding the natural world of plants and animals
7. Interpersonal: understanding how to communicate with and understand other people and how to work collaboratively
8. Intrapersonal: understanding one's inner world of emotions and thoughts, and growing in the ability to control them and work them consciously
Concepts

16. Cognitive Development
Theory of construction of thought processes, (remembering, problem solving, and decision-making) forming from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.
4 Stages
Sensorimotor- motor skills
Pre-Operational- symbols
Concrete Operational- Logical and systematic observation
Formal Operational- symbols and relation to abstract concepts
Key Concepts

17. Albert Bandura Observational Learning Social Learning Theory
Same thing
occurs when an observer's behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model.
An observer's behavior can be affected by the positive or negative consequences they observe
Key Concepts

18. Lesson Closing Task #2 Read Article on Cognitive Psychology
Give me 3 Important things about Social Learning Theory
What are the 3 main points of the article?
They will be listed

19. Bell Work

20. Concepts Mediational Processes Information Processes (Cognitions)
Computer Analogy
Introspection
Schema
Machine Reductionism
Cognitions
Memory
Perception
Attention
Language
Thinking

21. Mediational Processes
Big 5 Cognitions
Another name for information processes or cognitions
Called mediational because they come between the stimulus and the response

22. Information Processes
Name used to describe our cognitions
These cognitions help people make appropriate behavior responses to their world
Perception
Attention
Language
Memory
Thinking

23. Computer Analogy
Shows from cognitive theory why we think, feel, and behave as we do.
Input is what our senses pick up about stimuli in the world.
It is then processed using the 5 cognitions into a response
Output is that response that comes after the input and processing of the stimuli by the 5 cognitions
Input to Processor to Output
Stimulus to Mediational Process to Response

24. Information Processes
Thinking
Ability to problem solve and use “whole-brain process.”
Information Processes

25. Information Processes
Perception
Active Information process.
Allows us to organize, interpret, and act on outside stimuli
People may sense the same stimulus but their past experiences (perceptions) will often result in a different behavior
Example?
Seeing a young gentleman walk by
1 girl likes him
Another disagrees; recently part of domestic violence so her experiences have changed her outlook towards men
Information Processes

26. Information Processes
Attention
Cognitive ability to attend to one thing at one time (focused) or all things at all times (divided)
Information Processes

27. Information Processes
Language
Our ability to communicate
Verbal language, retention, and comprehension
Poor Readers Example?
Information Processes

28. Information Processes
Memory
Helps us to organize, store, retrieve, and recognize information from the world
Input to memory is called encoding
Output of memory (usage) called decoding
Information Processes

29. Introspection
Self-observation and reporting of conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations.
Important to Cognitive Therapies because it helps the person look into their own behaviors and see their true causes/outcomes
Concepts

30. Schema
Mental structure that represents some aspect of the world used to organize current knowledge and provide a framework for future understanding
Important in Big 5 Cognitions and to how we respond to certain stimulus in the environment.
This is what helps you develop stereo-types, social roles, and world-views
Concepts

31. Machine Reductionism
Breaking down of a complex concept/idea into smaller components to help understanding
Important to Cognitive Psychology b/c they break down Cognitions into 5 main themes to help understand…. Then they also break down those five cognitions
Concepts