1. The Establishment of the United States

2. I. American Ideals

3. A. Liberty My definition Definition given in class Examples of American liberty My definition Definition given in class Examples of American equality Why is there a conflict? Simple examples Modern examples Freedom v. security Equality

4. II. The English Colonies

5. A. Establishment Democratic ideas in England Establishment - 1607-1733

6. Pennsylvania - 1681 Rhode Island - 1636 Georgia - 1733 Carolina - 1663 (split into North and South Carolina in 1729) Delaware - 1664 New Jersey - 1664 New York - 1664 Maryland - 1634 Connecticut - 1636 New Hampshire - 1630 Massachusetts Bay/Massachusetts - 1630 Plymouth/Massachusetts - 1620 Jamestown/Virginia - 1607

7. North South B. Geography of the colonies

8. Western Mountains East coastal plain

9. C. Concepts from the colonial era that would shape the new nation 1. Diversity a) Economics b) Religion c) National origin II. A tradition of self rule

10. The Virginia House of Burgesses

11. The Mayflower Compact Agreement Between the Settlers at New Plymouth : 1620 We...Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. 1620 (Accessed on 7.31.11 at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp )http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp

12. III. The Enlightenment A. What was the Enlightenment? B. Enlightenment ideals 1. Natural rights 2. The social contract 3. Limited government C. Three influential Enlightenment thinkers

13. 1. John Locke

14. 2. Montesquieu Separation of powers

15. 3. Voltaire

16. IV. The American Revolution A. Salutary neglect B. The French and Indian War

17. North America just prior to the French and Indian War

18. IV. The American Revolution A. Salutary neglect B. The French and Indian War C. Why the Americans believed they were being abused by the British

19. 1. Taxation without representation The Stamp Act - 1765 The Tea Act - 1773

20. 2. Denial of self rule NY Assembly - 1767 Massachusetts assembly - 1774

21. 3. Denial of Basic Rights The right to trial by Jury - 1764 The Boston Massacre - 1770

22. V. The Declaration of Independence a. Statement of principles b. List of grievances 1.Structure

23. V. The Declaration of Independence 1.Structure a. Statement of principles b. List of grievances Statement of formal separation

24. 2. Jefferson’s First draft... he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain. determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce:[11] and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another. (Accessed on 7.31.11 at http://www.princeton.edu/~tjpapers/declaration/ )declaration.htmlhttp://www.princeton.edu/~tjpapers/declaration/

25. 3. Understanding the Revolution through the Declaration of Independence a. The grievances from the Declaration reflect actual events from the 1760s and 1770s b. The Declaration drew upon ideas developed during the colonial period c. The Declaration drew upon ideas from the Enlightenment

26. VI. Forming an American Government A. Mistrust of a powerful central government

27. B. The Articles of Confederation and its weaknesses Easily changed Power to tax Independent executive Power regulate trade = Weak Foreign policy Civil unrest Government Bankruptcy

28. C. The Constitutional Convention 1. Revise or replace? 2. Major conflicts a. Representation

29. Virginia Plan Large States 2 house legislature Representation based on population New Jersey Plan Small states 1 House legislature Equal representation Congress given the power to tax and regulate trade The Great Compromise 2 house legislature Upper house - Senate - all states have equal representation Lower house - House of Representatives - Representation based on population

30. b. Slavery No significant discussion of abolishing slavery at the convention How would slaves be counted for representation? 3/5 compromise

31. c. The power of the national government Many feared a powerful central government 2 compromises: Separation of powers and checks and balances Federalism Power is shared between set and central governments

32. Article I - The legislative branch (Congress)

33. Article II - The Executive branch (president)

34. Article III -The judicial branch (courts)

35. Article IV - Relations among states

36. Article V - Amendments

37. Article VI - Federal supremacy >

38. Article VII - Ratification

39. D. Ratification and the Bill of Rights 1. Ratification 2. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists V. Powerful government with extensive powers Small government with powers limited by a Bill of rights

40. 3. The Bill of Rights a) I - Five Freedoms - Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly and Petition b) II - Right to Bear arms c) III - No quartering d) IV - Protections against unwarranted search and seizure e) V - Rights of the accused f) VI - Right to a fair trial g) VII - Right to a jury trial in civil cases h) VIII - prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments i) IX - Retention of unenumerated rights j) X - Reserved powers of the states