1. Take Notes 1 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Notes Return to slide

2. Take Notes 2 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Bounced E-mail  Turn in plagiarism forms  Fire up CPS for testing.  Cheshire_Cat_67@hotail.com Cheshire_Cat_67@hotail.com  The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----... User unknown) ... User unknown)

3. Take Notes 3 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Breaking News  NYT- “Book Unflattering to Bush Draws His Campaign's Fire”Book Unflattering to Bush Draws His Campaign's Fire  NYT- “Do Newspapers Make Good News Look Bad?”Do Newspapers Make Good News Look Bad  NYT-”Novel’s Latest Version on China Cellphones”Novel’s Latest Version on China Cellphones  NYT-” Pathbreaking Magazine Again in Peril in Indonesia”Pathbreaking Magazine Again in Peril in Indonesia

4. Take Notes 4 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Breaking News  NYT-”Computer Measures Political Mudslinging” http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/12/politics/ campaign/12mud.html & http://www.asu.edu/feature/campaign/ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/12/politics/ campaign/12mud.html http://www.asu.edu/feature/campaign/  NYT-”Court Rules Against Pennsylvania…”Court Rules Against Pennsylvania…”

5. Take Notes 5 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Objectives for the week:  Implications of the changing infosphere for journalism  Implications of the First Amendment  Functions of the media  Fundamental theories to understand mass media  Basic questions to ask about media

6. Take Notes 6 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 J200: Journalism and Mass Communications - Week II & III  Continuation of 1 st Amendment Discussion  Process of Mass Communication  Functions of the Media  General Systems Theory  Production / Distribution  Controlling Influences  Ethical Considerations

7. Take Notes 7 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Shannon-Weaver communication model Source “Encodes” Message Channel Receiver “decodes” message Feedback

8. Take Notes 8 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 The Mother-of-All quizzes  Get out your CPS pads  How many freedoms are in the First Amendment?

9. Take Notes 9 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Freedoms in 1 st Amendment  5. What are they?  Freedom of religion  Freedom of speech  Freedom of press  Right to petition the government for redress of grievances  Right to assemble

10. Take Notes 10 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 The 1st Amendment to the U. S. Constitution Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. — The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

11. Take Notes 11 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Connect to Freedom Forum  Freedom Forum http://www.freedomforum.org/ http://www.freedomforum.org/  Freedom news / survey http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/an alysis.aspx?id=13575 http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/an alysis.aspx?id=13575

12. Take Notes 12 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Americans and 1 st Amendment  Only one of the five freedoms was identified by more than half of those surveyed: 58% named “speech.” For the other rights: religion — 17%; press — 15%; assembly — 10%.  Only 1% of Americans could name “petition” as one of the specific rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.

13. Take Notes 13 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Survey of Americans….  About 65% of respondents indicated overall support for First Amendment freedoms  30% said the First Amendment goes too far — a nine-point swing from last year and a dramatic change from the 2002 survey when Americans were evenly divided on the question at 49% each.

14. Take Notes 14 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Survey of Americans….  58% said current amount of government regulation of entertainment programming on television is “about right;”  16% said there is “too much,”  21% said there is “too little.”  49% of respondents would have current daytime-and-early-evening regulations regarding references to sexual activity extended to cover all 24 hours; and 54% would extend those regulations to cable, which currently is not covered by such FCC rules.

15. Take Notes 15 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Survey of Americans….  48% believe Americans have too little access to information about the federal government’s efforts to combat terrorism – up from 40% last year.  About 55% of those surveyed opposed a constitutional amendment to ban flag- burning, up from 51% in 2002.

16. Take Notes 16 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Survey of Americans  61% of Americans agreed with the statement: “the falsifying or making up of stories in the American news media is a widespread problem.”  77% agreed the news media should act as a “watchdog” on government.  50% said that they had too little information about the government’s war on terrorism; that figure was 40% in 2002.

17. Take Notes 17 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Survey of Americans  Four in 10 Americans believe the press has too much freedom.  News organizations are struggling to distinguish the legitimate press from the partisan and polarizing elements of the general “media,”  survey found 39% agreed with the statement “the news media try to report the news without bias.” The majority disagreed.

18. Take Notes 18 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 U.S. Media Ownership Concentration  Watching the Media: Who Owns What - guide to what the major media companies own. Columbia Journalism Review. Also: an Watching the Media: Who Owns What  interactive chart of the Big Ten's media holdings, from The Nation. interactive chart

19. Take Notes 19 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Quick quiz  Get out CPS  How many of the Americans surveyed believe “the press has too much freedom?” A. 10 percent B. 20 percent C. 40 percent D. 60 percent  Run Attendance survey

20. Take Notes 20 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Focus & Function of 1 st Amend.  Given the 5 factors in the 1 st Amend, what might we assume are the functions of the 1 st Amend.?  Protect religion  Protect political and other speech  Recent research concludes that freedom of speech is a key factor in economic development. See World Bank study http://worldbankfreespeech.notlong.com http://worldbankfreespeech.notlong.com

21. Take Notes 21 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 World Bank Study  A free press can…  reduce poverty and boost economic development in poor countries, but …  success of newspapers, radio and TV stations in spurring development depends on…  their independence, quality, and their ability to reach a wide audience.

22. Take Notes 22 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 World Bank Study  Free and independent media can  expose corruption in government and the corporate sector,  provide a voice for the people/citizens to be heard, and  help build public consensus to bring about change

23. Take Notes 23 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 In all mass media industries, organizations carry out four primary activities:  Production  Distribution  Exhibition  Finance

24. Take Notes 24 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 An analysis matrix:

25. Take Notes 25 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 An analysis matrix:

26. Take Notes 26 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Brief introduction to General Systems Theory  Attributes of a system…. 1. Composed of variables, i.e. elements that can be defined, or described, separately.  Sub-variables. Tree-to-branch-to-leaf-to- cell 2. There are relationships between variables  Horizontal relationships  Vertical (i.e. hierarchical) relationships

27. Take Notes 27 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Brief introduction to General Systems Theory 3. A system has boundaries  Conceptual  Legal: corporate, jurisdiction  Geographic  Cultural 4. A system has goals, self-defined or with a definition imposed by an observer/researcher  Make money  Provide for group security, happiness, procreation 5. System is capable of learning

28. Take Notes 28 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Applying theory: a teaching moment Gen. Systems Theory 1. Boundaries 2. Variables a) Sub-variables b) Sub-sub-variables 3. Relationships 4. Goals 5. Capable of learning Theory of Communication 1. Source  2. Encodes message  3. Message on channel  4. Recipient decodes message  5. Feedback

29. Take Notes 29 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 A newspaper as a system Editorial Production Circulation Advertising “Backoffice”

30. Take Notes 30 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 A newspaper as a system Editorial  Local News  Int’l News  Business  Sports

31. Take Notes 31 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 A newspaper variables and sub-systems Editorial  Local News  Int’l News  Business  Sports zHigh School zCollege zProfessional

32. Take Notes 32 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Online enterprise Dynamic system model

33. Take Notes 33 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 These activities involve resources and power  Resources: The symbolic and material components a system needs to carry out its tasks.  Power: The use of resources by one system in order to gain compliance by another system.

34. Take Notes 34 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Power role  Power roles  Resource-controlling relationships  Taken on mostly by systems  Producer Power Role  Creates material for release to public  Competition over niches

35. Take Notes 35 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Power Role  Exhibitor Power Role  Exhibition is the activity of presenting mass media materials to audiences for viewing or purchase  Finance can involve two power roles  Investor  Client

36. Take Notes 36 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 The Client Power Role  Organizations pay for product that exists  Advertisers -- the main support system  But others exist as well

37. Take Notes 37 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Investor Power Role  Broadly speaking, a company has two ways to get money in anticipation of production  Take out loans, and…  Encourage investments in the company  Many media firms are public companies -- that is, their stocks are available on the open market.

38. Take Notes 38 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Other ways to get financing  Venture capitalists  Stock offerings  IPO -- Initial Public Offerings

39. Take Notes 39 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Media financing  Large majority of U.S. media are in commercial hands  Q: Does that make for better or worse media content?  That doesn’t mean government is out of the picture

40. Take Notes 40 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Media Financing/Gov’t control

41. Take Notes 41 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 How to take notes on film/video  Create a timeline for yourself, i.e. when does the subject start/end?  Note rough date (usually) for all facts; plug into timeline if possible?  Who are the major players: people, institutions, gov’t agencies? What do they do/want?

42. Take Notes 42 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 How to take notes on film/video  Are there any cause-and-effect relationships?  What is the role of economic/law/technology?  What has changed over time?  Is the nation/culture of the film unique?

43. Take Notes 43 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Porn/ Industry/ Government/  “60 Minutes” report “Porn In The U.S.A.” http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11 /21/60minutes/main585049.shtml (Two parts; right column links) http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11 /21/60minutes/main585049.shtml

44. Take Notes 44 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Government regulation  Government regulations influence the kinds of businesses firms can enter  Government regulations also influence kinds of materials producers can create and show to audiences.

45. Take Notes 45 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Controlling Influences: Government  Authority Power Role  Certain businesses, such as radio broadcasting, television broadcasting and cable TV, have government (all levels) regulations directed just at them.  Licensing  Copyright  FCC and Powell http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A3541- 2003Jan2?language=printer http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A3541- 2003Jan2?language=printer

46. Take Notes 46 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Controlling Influences: Government  Obscenity  Q: Can the police come to your home and take out an obscene video that you have rented?  The Tin Drum case http://archive.aclu.org/issues/freespeech /tindrum.htmlTin Drum http://archive.aclu.org/issues/freespeech /tindrum.html

47. Take Notes 47 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Controlling Influences: Government  Libel  Is an Internet Service Provider libel for libelous notes that it sends?  The case of Lunney v. Prodigy http://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dld efam/lunney.htmlLunney v. Prodigy http://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dld efam/lunney.html

48. Take Notes 48 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Free speech protections

49. Take Notes 49 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 1999-2003 _____________________________Fall 2004 Controlling Influences: Ethics  What determines media ethics?  Individuals  Corporate culture  Corporate “standards”  Audience pressures  Professional organizations