1. OF AP PSYCH Part 2

3. -Developed the visual cliff test to test depth perception in infants -Depth Perception partially innate

4. -Stages of Cognitive Development (Biological Maturation) -Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

5. -Social factors are most critical to the development process- absorption of knowledge from environmental context - Zone of Proximal Development (Observed vs Latent Levels of Capacity)

6. - Social Development Theory Resolution of Specific Developmental Tasks in one’s life span

7. -Stages of Moral Development (Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional)

8. - Development of caring relationships as central to moral progress

9. -Developer of the Attachment Theory (Strange Situation Study)

10. - Research of parenting styles (Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative)

11. - Theory of Emotion ( how temperament effects one’s behavior and personality)

12. - Conducted experiments on rhesus monkeys that demonstrated the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development

13. - Researched the principle of imprinting

15. - Humanistic Approach - Concept of Self-Actualization, the need for individuals to reach full potential

16. -Theory of Personality based upon the need for security ( Feeling of being alone in an unfamiliar world is a central theme in childhood)

17. -Theory that the mind comprises pairs of opposing forces ( Persona vs. Shadow)

18. -Failure to overcome adversity as a child may result in the development if an inferiority complex (Ex. Birth order)

19. - Proposed that the extent to which people believe that their success or failures are due to their own efforts plays a major role in personality (locus of control)

20. -Identified three types of personality traits (Cardinal, Central and Secondary)

21. -Expanded the trait theory concept of personality to include 16 various traits

22. - Developed the NEO PI-R that measured the Five Factor Model of Personality

23. - Theory of personality that compares two factors (extroversion and neuroticism) which is the roots of four basic types of personality

24. -Examined the processes and mental mechanisms that enable a young child to forego immediate gratification and to wait instead for a larger desired but delayed reward (Marshmallow Experiment)

25. - Conducted research on the role of self-fulfilling prophecies in everyday life

27. -General intelligence is the basis for all other intelligence

28. -Intelligence has three main components (Analytical, Practical, Creative Intelligence)

29. - Multiple Intelligence Theory

30. - Verbal and Mathematical types of Intelligence

31. - Emotional Intelligence Theory

32. -Gestalt Therapy Form of Treatment (Act out psychological conflicts )

33. -Intelligence scale serves as the basis for modern intelligence tests (motivation and other factor play a role)

34. -Pioneer in eugenics (bio-social movement), coined the phrase "nature versus nurture"

35. -The inventor of the concept of the intelligence quotient, or IQ

36. -Inventor of the Stanford-Binet IQ test

37. -Developed well-known intelligence scales that emphasized that factors other than intellectual ability are involved in intelligent behavior

39. - Humanistic Approach - Role of Unconditional Positive Regard, need for positive self-concept as critical factors for attaining self-actualization

40. - Rational-Emotive Therapy (Cognitive Therapy)

41. -The Father of Cognitive Therapy

42. -The Mother of Behavior Therapy, developed a technique known as desensitization, used to cure phobias

43. -Theory of learned helplessness

44. - Theory of systematic desensitization

46. - Conducted “unethical “ experimentations in the 1970s that led to the creation of ethics standards by the APA

47. - Proposed conflict theory in which individuals resolved varying scenarios in order to resolve conflict (Approach/Approach, Approach/Avoidance, Multiple Approach/Avoidance

48. - Cognitive Dissonance Theory (People tend to alter their attitude to fit their behavior)

49. - Experiments in dehumanization - “Prison” experiment

50. -Conformity experiments demonstrated the power of social influences on behavior

51. -Looking at why people do not always intervene (i.e. offer aid) at the scene of an emergency (pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility)

52. -Theory of "groupthink" which described the systematic errors made by groups when making collective decisions

53. - Developer of the Mere Exposure Effect theory