1. Haemophilus influenza
Haemophilus (Hib)
Haemophilus influenza

2. Haemophilus influenza
normal throat microbiota
meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, epiglottitis
mortality rate of 6%
incidence decreasing: Hib vaccine
(meningitis in infants and children 5 years and under has declined by 99%)

3. Campylobacter jejuni Bacteriogastroenteritis
Adapt well to intestinal environment
2 million cases in the U.S. per year
Readings question 1:
How are Campylobacter jejuni contracted?

4. Legionella aerobic, gram-negative rod
over 44 species, not all pathogenic
can be isolated from natural waters
no person-to-person
recent outbreaks
ingested by waterborne amoebae, but continue to proliferate and survive
resistant to phagocytes

5. Legionella pneumophilia
Legionnaires’ disease/Legionellosis
1976: 182 pulmonary disease, 29 died
1000 cases reported, actual estimate 25,000
diagnosis: charcoal-yeast extract medium
respiratory specimens: fluorescent antibody
DNA probe test
treatment: erythromycin, azithromycin

6. Listeria monocytogenes
Readings question #2: What type of pathogen is Listeria monocytogenes recently becoming recognized as? What are the symptoms associated with Listeriosis? If fatal, what is the frequent cause of death?

7. Pseudomonas
aerobic, gram-negative rods; polar flagella

8. Pseudomonas common in soil and other natural environments
UTI, burns, wounds, sepsis, abscesses, meningitis
grow on minute traces of carbon sources
grow in antiseptics
resistant to most antibiotics
responsible for 10% of nosocomial infections
grow at refrigerator temperatures

9. Pseudomonas Infection Sites

10. Mycoplasma
Readings question #3: Where do the Mycoplasma pneumonia colonies adhere? How do they spread? What diseases are caused by this bacterium? (3 points)

11. Rickettsia Only reproduce within a mammalian cell
Induce phagocytosis; enter cytoplasm; reproduce by binary fission
Readings question #4: What is the most severe rickettsial infection, and what organism causes it?

12. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

13. Rickettsia prowazekii
Readings question #5:
How is the Rickettsia prowazekii microbe transmitted to produce epidemic typhus?
Signs and symptoms: high and prolonged fever that lasts at least 2 weeks; stupor; rash that darkens as disease progresses
Anne Frank

14. Treatment tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol
eliminate conditions
vaccines for military

15. Rickettsia typhi sporadic murine: mouse Readings question #6:
How is the Rickettsia typhi microbe transmitted to produce endemic typhus?
treatment: tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol
rat control is best preventive measure

16. Coxiella burnetti parasite of several arthropods
birthing: organisms shed in high numbers
resistant to heat, drying, a many disinfectants
inhaling a single pathogen can cause infection
pasteurization temperature raised in 1956
responsible for Q fever

17. Q Fever Wide range of clinical symptoms 60% asymptomatic
Acute: high fevers ( degrees), severe headache, general malaise, confusion, sore throat, chills, sweats, non-productive cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and chest pain
pneumonia: % patients; hepatitis

18. Chronic Q Fever Infection persists for more than 6 months
1 year or 20 years
Endocarditis
Transplant recipients, cancer, kidney disease
Treatment: acute- doxycycline
chronic- doxycycline & quinolones
doxycycline & hydroxychloroquine

19. Prevention education appropriate disposal restrict access
pasteurized milk
laboratory clothing
vaccination
quarantine
holding facilities
routine testing

20. Chlamydia
Readings question #7: What are the 3 species of chlamydias that are significant pathogens for humans? Describe the growth stages of this microorganism. Chlamydias are transmitted to humans by interpersonal contact or by airborne respiratory routes.

21. Chlamydial pneumonia outbreaks among college students
transmitted by the respiratory route
50% U.S. population has antibodies
treatment: tetracycline

22. Chlamydia trachomatic
Causative agent for:
trachoma
Lymphogranuloma veneruem
NGU (non-gonococcal urethritis) or
NSU (non-specific urethritis)

23. Trachoma Greek: “rough eye”
arid parts of Africa and Asia, almost all children are infected early in their lives
500 million active cases worldwide and 7 million blinded victims
occurs occasionally in the southwestern U.S.
transmitted by hand contact or by sharing personal objects

24. Trachoma (cont’d) conjunctivitis leads to permanent scarring
long-term mechanical abrasion of the cornea
turned-in eyelashes
secondary infections
tetracycline ointment
partial immunity
sanitary practices and health education

25. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
Genital infections associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer
NGU/NSU: any inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
painful urination and watery discharge
coinfection with C. trachomatis

26. Chlamycia psittaci
Infected birds will usually have diarrhea, ruffled feathers, respiratory illness, and a generally “droopy appearance”