2. Bell Ringer #2 Answer the question in 2 paragraphs, at least 5 sentences in each. What do you think the percentage of students at Harrisonburg High School are drinkers? Where do they get their alcohol? Why do they drink?

3. Personal / Social Uses of Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol

4. Functions of Alcohol Four functions that alcohol serves in our society: –Social –Ritualistic –Dietary –Mood Modification

5. Social “Social Mixer” in which the conscience is dissolved and rigid inhibitions are lowered`

6. Ritualistic Cultural ceremonies Religious ceremonies Marriage ceremonies Good fortune Death

7. Dietary Essential part of one’s dietary intake; –A complement to certain foods (i.e. wine) –Ingredient in special food dishes (i.e. wine)

8. Mood Modification Alcohol used to satisfy personal needs; –Reduce stress –Feel high –Feel powerful / Confidence –Hidden dependency –Popularity

9. Alcohol Equivalencies How much alcohol is contained in the typical serving of an alcoholic beverage ?

10. Alcohol Equivalencies WineBeerDistilled Spirits 1 Glass1 Can / Bottle1 Shot Glass 4 oz.12 oz.1.25-1.50 oz. 12% Alcohol by Volume.48 oz 4% Alcohol by Volume.48 oz 40% Alcohol by Volume.50 oz

12. Blood Alcohol Concentration DrinksBody Weight in Pounds 100120140160180200220240 1.04.03.02 2.08.06..05.04.03 3.11.09.08.07.06.05 4.15.12.11.09.08.07.06 5.19.16.13.12.11.09.08 6.23.19.16.14.13.11.10.09

13. Alcohol Profiles Types of Drinkers

14. Profiles of Drinkers Five Patterns of Drinkers –Non- Drinking Pattern –Social –Episodic Excessive –Progressive Excessive –Chronic Alcoholic

15. Non - Drinking Pattern Those who never drink with the exception of consuming wine in religious ceremonies 30% of the population fit into this group

16. Social Drinker Control over the quantity Control over rate of intake (light / moderate) Subject to peer group sanctions against antisocial behavior

17. Episodic Excessive Use of alcohol exceeds social norms Results in intoxication

18. Progressive Excessive Those people typically drink to excess when given the opportunity Episodes become frequent Individuals will develop dependency unless pattern is interrupted

19. Chronic Alcoholic Do not confine their use of alcohol to social occasions Control over quantity and frequency is lost Developed a drug dependency Alcohol controls the drinker

20. How Alcohol Works Absorption

21. Once an alcoholic beverage is swallowed and passed to the stomach, the process of absorption begins Alcohol requires no digestion and passes readily through the walls of the gastrointestinal track

22. Absorption One - fifth of the total alcohol consumed is absorbed in the stomach The major site of absorption is the small intestines

23. Factors that Influence Alcohol Absorption

24. Concentration of Alcohol The greater the concentration, higher the proof, the greater the absorption rate.

25. Amount of Alcohol The more the alcohol consumed at one time, the longer the absorption period will be.

26. Rate of Consumption Rapid consumption will result in a elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration

27. Amount of Food in Stomach The presence of food in the stomach delays the absorption of alcohol (i.e. dairy products, food high in protein)

28. Body Weight Heavier people have more body fluids in which alcohol is diluted

29. Body Chemistry/Emotions Alcohol effects each individual differently

30. History The phenomenon of “tolerance” may be so well established that more alcohol is required to produce a “high” than in infrequent users.

31. Short Term Effects of Alcohol Specific body parts and functions can be influenced directly by alcohol.

32. Short Term Effects Decreased sensation and perception (reaction time) Varied emotions (extremes) Induces sleep (depressant) Increased Urinary Output (diuretic)

33. Short Term Effects Increased heartbeat and blood pressure Dilation of peripheral blood vessels Impairs motor skills Hangover (headache and nausea/vomit)

34. Why spend all that money for taking in alcohol, just to give it right back?

35. Long Term Effects of Alcohol Prolonged heavy consumption of alcohol can result in one or more life threatening consequences.

36. Long Term Effects of Alcohol Gastrointestinal disorders Liver disorders and diseases Hypoglycemia (blood sugar disorder) Nutritional deficiency

37. Long Term Effects of Alcohol Nervous system diseases Endocrine system disorders Mental disorders Cardiovascular disorders

39. What to Do When Someone Close Drinks too Much 1. Learn about the illness 2. Guide the “someone close” to treatment 3. Support the person during / after treatment

40. Do Try to remain calm, unemotional, and factually honest Let the problem drinker know that you are reading and learning about alcoholism Discuss the situation with someone you trust Establish and maintain a healthy atmosphere in the home

41. Do Explain the nature of alcoholism as an illness to the other members of the family Encourage new interests / activities Be patient and live one day at a time. Try to accept setbacks and relapses with calm and understanding Refuse to ride with the alcoholic person if he or she insists on drinking and driving

42. Do Not Attempt to punish, threaten, bribe,or preach Allow yourself to cover - up or make excuses for the alcoholic person Take over his or her responsibilities - diminishes sense of importance

43. Do Not Hide or dump bottles, or shelter the problem drinker from situations where alcohol is present Argue with alcoholic person when drunk Try to drink along with the problem drinker Accept guilt for another’s behavior