1. CELLS

2. Essential Questions
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
What are cell organelles and their functions?
What is the cell theory?

3. Discovery of Cells
Robert Hooke – discovered cells while looking through microscope
He examined dead cork cells from oak bark
He coined the term cells based on his room or “cell” that he lived in while he was a monk

4. Discovery of Cells
Other scientist have contributed to the recognition of cells
Scientist such as Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow all studied cells
All these scientists’ work led to the cell theory

5. Cell Theory Explains why cells are important to life
All living things are made of cells
All cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of life

6. Cell Types 2 types of cells
1) Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes
NO true nucleus
NO membrane –bound organelles
Smaller in size
Example: Bacteria
2) Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes
True nucleus
Membrane – bound organelles
Larger in size
Example: Plants, Animals, Fungi

7. Prokaryotic Cells They have a cell (plasmsa) membrane and a cell wall
Nucleoid – Region where DNA is contained
Organelles such as ribosomes
** REMEMBER NO
MEMBRANES WILL BE
AROUND AN
ORGANELLE FOUND
IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS

8. Eukaryotic Cells 1) Animal Cells 2) Plant Cells
3) Protist Cells 4)Fungi Cells

9. Which came first? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Endosymbiotic Theory
First proposed by Lynn Margulis in 1967
Eukaryotic cell evolved from several prokaryotic cells living within each other (Endo-) in a mutual relationship (Symbiotic)

10. Endosymbiotic Theory

11. Organelles Organelles = “little organs” inside cells
An organelle is an internal structure (or compartment) within the cell that performs special functions
Each organelle has a special function and each organelle is unique in shape

12. Guess the organelle

13. Plasma (Cell)Membrane
Surrounds the cell
Protects & supports the cell
Semi-permeable
Allows some things through while keeping others out
Controls what can enter or leave the cell in order to maintain homeostasis
Made of phospholipids
Has carbohydrates and proteins embedded in the membrane

14. Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance found in the cell
Holds the organelles
Where reactions will occur in a cell
Cytoplasm

15. Nucleus Stores – genetic information (DNA,Chromosomes)
Controls the activities of the cell
Has a nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane) surrounding it
What type of cell contains a nucleus? _______________

16. Nucleolus and Ribosomes
Nucleolus - found inside the nucleus
Its function is to make ribosomes
Disappears during cell division
Ribosomes –synthesize or make proteins
Can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum – ER
Tube-like canals
Two Types of ER
SER – Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
NO ribosomes – makes lipids and helps with metabolism
RER – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
has ribosomes on it – makes protein to be carried out of the cell

18. Golgi Body Golgi body, Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex
Sac-like structure
Receives proteins from the ER
Packages and ships the protein out of the cell in vesicles

19. Mitochondria Singular = mitochondrion The “powerhouse” of the cell
Where cellular respiration occurs and where energy is made

20. Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes that will breakdown unwanted waste from the cell
Digest other cell parts that are no longer needed
Digest macromolecules

22. Structures Unique to Animal Cells
Centrosome (centrioles) used during cell division
Found near the nucleus

23. Structures Unique to Plant Cells
Cell Wall – Found on the outer region of cell. Against cell wall is the plasma membrane
Plants will have both a cell wall and plasma (cell) membrane.
Made of cellulose
Gives plant cells structure and shape
Function is protect and support the cell

24. Structures Unique To Plant Cells
Chloroplast – converts light energy to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis
Site of photosynthesis
Inside is chlorophyll - a pigment that gives plants and leaves its green color

25. Structures Unique To Plant Cells
Central Vacuole – large and central structure used for storage
Can store water, food, and waste
Vacuoles are also in animal cells but are much smaller

26. Cell Motility Cilia – hair like structures used for cell movement
Flagella – long whip-like structures used for cell movement

27. Summarize
1. Construct a Venn diagram to compare & contrast bacteria, animal, and plant cells
2. Create a flow chart for protein synthesis using the following terminology
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Vesicle