1. CELL: Structure & Function

2. Objectives: Explain why a cell is like a tiny factory.
List, label, and describe the functions of the parts of a typical eukaryotic animal cell.
Explain how a cell conducts all the processes of living things, just on a smaller scale.

3. What You Need To Run A Factory
building
supports/ internal framework
control center
blueprints
power plant
raw materials
machines/ workers
assembly line
packing centers
packing/ boxes
trucks/ shipping vehicles
waste disposal

4. Cell:
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

5. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
1-celled organisms, Bacteria

6. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

7. Cell/Plasma Membrane “Building”
Outer membrane of cell that controls nutrient and waster material movement in and out of the cell
Double layer of lipid & protein separating cell from its environments
All cells have one

8. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

9. Nucleus “control center”
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Controls the cell’s actions
Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA).
Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane
Has a dense region called the nucleolus where ribosomes are formed.

10. Chromatin “blueprints”
Located in the nucleus
Composed of nucleic acids (DNA)
Condenses into chromosomes during cell division
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
Chromosomes during early cell division – 10,000x

11. Cytoskeleton “supports & internal framework”
A network of protein fibers (microfilaments) and tubes (microtubules) extending throughout the cell.
Provides a framework for the cell.
Helps transport materials.
Anchors the organelles.
Functions in cell movement
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12. Ribosomes- “machines/ workers”
Organelles that manufacture proteins
Composed of RNA and protein
Not bound by a membrane.
Some float free in the cytoplasm while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Electron Micrograph of ribosomes. The ribosomes operate in chains when translating a mRNA.
Copyright © Daniel Kunkel

13. Golgi Apparatus “packing plant”
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A series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that sorts, modifies, packages, and distributes molecules into sacs called vesicles.

14. Lysosomes “waste disposal”
Special vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes that can break down large molecules and old organelles.
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
© Glencoe Biology 2007

15. The Discovery of the Cell
-1665: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork, a plant material.
-Cork looked like thousands of tiny, empty chambers…“cells”
Idea: The cell is the basic unit of life basic

16. The Discovery of the Cell
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things.
The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms.

17. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division

18. Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
© Glencoe Biology 2007

19. Fluid Mosaic Model
© Glencoe Biology 2007