1. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Primary Preventive Dentistry Seventh Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Primary Preventive Dentistry

2. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Introduction The mission of dental care is: –To focus on the ability to help individuals achieve and maintain maximum oral health throughout their lives

3. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Focus of Dental Prevention Dental caries Gingival and periodontal diseases Trauma caused by accidents Oral cancer Systemic diseases and conditions

4. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Historical Aspect of Preventive Dental Care Dr. Alfred C. Fones: Founder of dental hygiene First college textbook entitled Preventive Dentistry by Dr. Fones

5. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Figure 1-2 Topics covered in the first book on preventative dentistry

6. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Historical Aspect of Preventive Dental Care (Continued) Hundreds of millions of dollars in public and private funds are expended to restore the sick to health but only a relatively small portion of this amount is spent to maintain the health of well people, even though it is definitely known that the most common physical defects and illnesses are preventable (1916 – Dr. Alfred Fones)

7. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Historical Aspect of Preventive Dental Care (Continued) Some propose that dental hygiene truly was the primary component of the prevention movement in health care

8. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe US Surgeon General’s Report on Oral Health in America Oral health means much more than healthy teeth Oral health is essential to general health Safe and effective disease prevention measures exist so that everyone can voluntarily decide to improve oral health and prevent disease

9. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe

10. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Table 1–1 (Continued) The Burden of Oral Diseases and Disorders

11. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe

12. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe

13. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Dental Diseases and Systemic Health Oral health disparities Access to oral health care in the U.S. Systemic relationship Overuse of ineffective treatment options Oral health is not a minor health concern; it affects overall health and well-being throughout life

14. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Dental Diseases and Systemic Health (Continued) Oral health in the United States is a major unmet need Children who experience the majority of dental decay are from lower income households or ethnic minorities, and many times have special needs

15. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Dental Diseases and Systemic Health (Continued) Research has proven that oral health is directly related to total health, linking periodontal diseases to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancer, premature and low-birthweight babies, etc.

16. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Health Defined and Primary Preventative Care The wellness scale defines a continuum from a state of health to a state of illness and death Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (World Health Organization)

17. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe FIGURE 1–3 Health wellness scale.

18. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Health Defined and Primary Preventative Care (Continued) The individual is a multidimensional being: –Physical –Mental –Spiritual –Social –Emotional

19. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe FIGURE 1–4 Five-dimensional health model. (From R. Eberst (1984). Defining health: A multidimensional model. Journal of School Health, 54:99–104. Blackwell Publishing.)

20. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Primary Prevention Uses strategies and agents to prevent the onset of diseases, reverse the progress of disease, or arrest the disease process before secondary preventive treatment becomes necessary This level is sometimes thought of as dental hygiene

21. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Primary Prevention (Continued) Oral evaluation Dental prophylaxis Fluoride as a preventive agent Dental sealants Xylitol Health education Health promotion

22. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Secondary Prevention Uses routine treatment methods to terminate a disease process and/or restore tissues to as near normal as possible This level can be termed restorative care

23. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Secondary Prevention (Continued) Dental restorations Periodontal debridement Fluoride use on incipient caries Dental sealants on incipient caries (ART) Endodontics

24. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Tertiary Prevention Uses measures necessary to replace lost tissues and rehabilitate patients to as near normal as possible This level can be termed reconstructive care

25. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Tertiary Prevention (Continued) Prosthodontics Implants Oromaxillofacial surgery

26. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe

27. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe

28. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Categories of Oral Diseases Dental caries and periodontal diseases (acquired conditions – dental plaque) Acquired oral conditions other than dental caries or periodontal diseases such as –Oral cancer –Opportunistic infections Craniofacial disorders including a wide variety of conditions ranging from genetics to accidents

29. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Plaque Prevention Dental caries Periodontal diseases Because of the varied etiology of acquired conditions other than caries and periodontal diseases, and of cranial malformations and diseases, the planning for the control of each of these problem areas must be individually addressed

30. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Primary Preventive Dentistry, Seventh Edition Norman O. Harris, Franklin García-Godoy, and Christine N. Nathe Summary Primary prevention Focus on diseases and strategies to prevent or control them!