1. Plant Structure
Chapter 35

2. Angiosperms Monocots Seed one cotyledon (seed leaf)
Leaves parallel veins
Roots fibrous
Vascular tissue scattered
Flower parts 3’s or multiples of 3’s
Bulbs, grasses, grains, orchids

3. Angiosperms Dicots (eudicots) Seed with 2 cotyledon (seed leaf)
Leaves with network of veins
Taproot
Vascular tissue arranged in a ring
Flowers in groups of 4 & 5 or multiples
Annuals, trees, shrubs, roses, peas

4. Angiosperms

6. Plant cells 1. Parenchyma cells Large vacuoles Thin walled
Make & store organic products
Fleshy tissue of most fruit

7. Plant cells 2. Collenchyma cells Support organs
Allows stems to bend & not break

8. Plant cells 3. Sclerenchyma cells Supporting elements of plant
More rigid

9. 4.Water-conducting cells
Xylem
Move water & minerals
Vessel members (elements)
Continuous tubes
Tracheids
Tapered ends
Thick walled
Wood is secondary xylem

10. Xylem

11. 5. Sugar-conducting cells
Phloem
Sieve cells
Sieve-tube members (elements)
Conduct carbohydrates
Move away from where formed (source)
To where needed or stored (sink)

12. 5. Sugar-conducting cells
Companion cells:
Next to sieve-tube cells
Plasmodesmata:
Connection between cells

13. Phloem

14. Tissue types 1. Dermal tissue Epidermis (primary growth)
One cell layer thick
Outer protective layer
Cuticle wax cover-water loss
Periderm (secondary growth)
Replaces epidermis in woody plants

15. Dermal tissue Trichomes Shoot epidermis “fuzzy” Minimize evaporation
Plant defense

16. Dermal tissue Root hairs Behind root tips Increase surface area
Absorption

17. Tissue type 2. Vascular tissue Transport Xylem & phloem
3. Ground tissue
Parenchyma cells
Storage, photosynthesis, support

18. Tissues

19. Organs
Root
Stem
Leaves

20. Root
Anchors the plant
Absorbs nutrients
Water & ions

21. Roots Tap root One large root with small roots Lateral root
Branched roots
Adventitious root
Root grows from another part of plant
Fibrous root
Mat of thin roots

22. Root

23. Root

25. Root

26. Lateral roots

27. Stem Positions & supports leaves Node: Leave attachment Internode:
Area on stem between nodes

28. Stem Terminal bud: Bud at end where apical meristem Axillary bud:
Bud along stem may be a branch

29. Leaf Extension of shoot Photosynthesis Blade (flattened)
Stalk (petiole) mostly eudicots

30. Leaf Stomata: Tiny pores Guard cells: Specialized epidermal cells
Regulate opening
Transpiration:
Evaporation of water

31. Leaf Surface covered with epidermis Mesophyll: Ground tissue
Between epidermis layers
Contains veins (vascular bundles)

32. Leaf Palisade mesophyll: Closest to upper epidermis
Tightly packed cells
Chloroplasts
Spongy mesophyll:
Loosely arranged
Contains air spaces

33. Leaf

34. Growth Meristems: Embryonic tissues Similar to stem cells
One cell remains meristematic
Give rise to other tissues
Apical meristems
Cell division
Elongation of roots & stems (tips)

35. Meristems

37. Fig
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

38. Growth

39. Secondary growth Secondary tissues: Lateral meristems
Vascular cambium (xylem-wood, phloem)
Cork cambium
Secondary growth-increases girth

40. Secondary growth

41. Stem
Fig
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings