1. Key Terminology 2 Practicum of Health Science – Pharmacy Tech Program

2. An unexpected and undesirable effect caused by a drug; different from a known side effect. Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) One single, relatively large quantity of a substance, administered rapidly. Bolus

3. Severe or fatal reaction by a patient to an agent for which the patient has become extremely sensitized. Anaphylactic Shock Agent that stops or inhibits the growth of bacteria (such as erythromycin) Bacteriostatic agent

4. Procedures designed to prevent contamination of drugs, packaging, equipment, or supplies by microorganisms during processing. Aseptic preparation A substance that kills bacteria or inhibits its growth. Antibacterial agent

5. Used to treat cancer by substituting in or blocking the use of essential nutrients and enzymes antimetabolites A drug that is able to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms. antibiotics

6. Air pressure is greater inside of an enclosed area as compared to outside of enclosed area. This forces particulate matter to the outside of the enclosed area. positive air pressure

7. An IV access into one of the major blood vessels central line Extraneous undissolved mobile substances, such as precipitate present in the parenteral products particulate matter

8. Occurs when two or more chemical substances react and cause a significant change of one or more of the substances. chemical incompatibility A sterile, injectable medication (i.e. SC, ID, IM, IV) parenteral

9. Condition or circumstance that mandates that a drug should not be given contraindication An infection acquired while the patient is in the hospital or healthcare facility nosocomial infection

10. When a drug accumulates in the body faster than the body can metabolize or eliminate it cumulative effect A drug administered for therapeutic purposes into the body via the vascular system infusion

11. Fluids used to dissolve drugs in solid form diluents Two or more drugs mixed together that cause either a physical, chemical or therapeutic change in the drug, and produce undesirable effects incompatible

12. Long or short term IV feeding of high protein, high carbohydrate solutions to provide a patient’s total nutritional requirements Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) The substance that is dissolved in a solution solute

13. Measure and documented evidence, providing a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes process validation

14. The complete destruction of microorganisms by heat or other method; free of microorganisms. sterilization The outcome that is expected for a particular disease, and whether there is a chance for recovery prognosis

15. The substance used to dissolve another substance (the solute) solvent The set of activities used to assure that the process used in the preparation of sterile drug products leads to products that meet predetermined standards of quality quality assurance

16. Some drugs are in a powder form because they are too unstable to be mixed until ready for use. Mixing the powder with a liquid is called reconstitution Under the skin; an injection administered under the skin subcutaneous

17. The set of testing activities used to determine that the ingredients, components, and final sterile pharmaceuticals prepared meet predetermined requirements with respect to identity, purity, non- pyrogenicity, and sterility Quality Control

18. Introduction of undesired microorganism or particles contamination Produced during a single manufacturing order batch Undesired effect of a drug side effect

19. Results from a poison or a dangerous amount of a drug toxicity Invasion by an agent into the body infection An agent produced by the body in response to an antigen antibody

20. An agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms on inanimate objects disinfectant

21. Common Medical Prefixes a-; an- without; not ante- before; forward anti- against

22. bi- two; both brady- slow contra- against; opposite dys- difficult; painful; bad

23. en-; endo- inside; within epi- above ex- out; outward hyper- excessive; above

24. hypo- insufficient; below infra- under; below inter- between intra- within

25. iso- equal; same micro- small multi- many; multiple neo- new

26. para- beside; near per- through peri- around poly- many; excessive

27. post- after, behind pre- before semi- half; one-half sub- below; under

28. Let’s review some Common Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms, and Common Pharmacy Abbreviations