1. Objectives: 1.Describe the triangular trade and how it affected colonial society. 2.Analyze why slavery grew in America. 3.Explain the differences between the regions of the English Colonies as they developed.

2. Population increase. –Settlers: 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775) –Slaves: 28,000 to 500,000

3. The New England Colonies As the population swells we see a need of more government. Agricultural / Pre-Industrial society. –Women married early had large families. –Question: Why? What does it mean to be puritanical. Growth of towns and villages. Subsistence farming –Farmers focus on growing enough food to feed their families

4. Economics in New England Commerce –Waterpower, lumber, mills (grain) –Cottage industry (The hidden economy of women.) An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based. – Shipbuilding, fishing, intra-colonial trade Triangular Trade

7. The Middle Passage Shipping Africans to the West Indies.

9. This plan above of a slave ship developed by Clarkson and his co-workers shocked the public when it appeared in 1789. It shows how 482 slaves could be packed on board the Brookes of Liverpool for the 6 to 8 week voyage to the West Indies. The Brookes actually carried 609 slaves on one voyage.

10. There is one final poignant link. Under the slave trade system people suffered to provide luxuries like sugar, chocolate, coffee and tea for colonists at an affordable price. This was morally wrong but most people were not aware of their wrongdoing until the abolitionist campaign exposed it for what it was. Today, the people who put those very same items on our table are suffering because they do not get a fair price for their production. Again, this is so we can buy these relative luxuries at an affordable price, again it is morally wrong and again people are not aware of it. Who today is going to point it out for them, and how?

11. Task…Making it Relevant! Research worker conditions in third world countries that produce goods for America. Write down what it is like to be a worker and what they are paid? In your opinion…how is this similar or dissimilar to the salve trade? Are they equally morally wrong?

13. The Southern Economy Because of the good soil and long growing season the South did not develop commerce or industry. The depended on English merchants to manage their trade. Cultivated large farms known as plantations –Which needed a large unskilled labor force. –Slaves!

14. Tobacco and Rice The cash crop of Maryland and Virginia was tobacco. However, overproduction would cause profits to fall. –So, farmers began the switch to corn and wheat. The cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia was Rice. –Rice cultivation is a very labor intensive and nasty. Imagine working in the rice fields all day standing in mud up to your knees. –Do you think that you could get an indentured servant to do this?

15. The Three Kings of the Southern Economy (1700 – 1860)

16. Backcountry Appalachian Mountain Foothills Small farms Few slaves Outnumbered large plantation owners

17. Conclusion Majority of colonist, even in the South were not slave holders. However, much of the economy was either based on slave labor or indirectly through the slave trade. African Slaves brought with them their languages and cultures. They also brought with them the knowledge of cultivating rice.

18. Government, Religion, and Culture – Overview of Topics The Glorious Revolution Mercantilism The Navigation Acts Differences in colonial governments Voting rights America and the Great Awakening

19. The Glorious Revolution King James forced off the thrown in 1688 and placed his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange on the thrown. The Parliament is getting more powerful. William and Mary sign the English Bill of Rights.

20. The English Bill of Rights

21. Mercantilism The English viewed the colonies as an economic resource. The colonies provided raw materials for English manufacturers and a market for finished products. As a nations trade grew, it gold reserve increase, and the nation becomes more powerful.As a nations trade grew, it gold reserve increase, and the nation becomes more powerful.

22. The Navigation Acts 1751 - 1763 Series of acts (laws) that directed the flow of goods between England and the Colonies. Smuggling Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.

23. Colonial Government Government in the colonies varied by the type of charter for that colony. Question: What are the three types of colonial charters? –Charter Colonies –Proprietary Colonies –Royal Colonies

24. Charter, Royal and Proprietary In a charter colony, the King granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under which the colony was to be governed. A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or more individuals, usually land owners, remaining subject to their parent state's sanctions, retained rights that are today regarded as the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so. Crown, or royal, colonies were ruled by a governor appointed at first by the Monarch

25. Colonial Government As the colonies grew, so did the colonists views on government. Time and distance from the mother-country necessitated some form of government to be in place. The Crown also had the responsibility to enforce its laws on the colonies.

26. American Coloniess Type Charter Proprietary Royal Colony Connecticut, Rhode Island Government Governor and Legislature Elected by Colonists Note Great Britain had the right to approve governor, but governor could not veto legislature. Connecticut, Rhode Island Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania Proprietor selected the governor and upper house. Colonists Elected the Lower House Proprietor free to rule. GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, VA Directly Ruled by Britain. King appointed Gov. and Upper House. Colonists elected the Lower House.

27. The Great Awakening What are they awakening to? A religious movement concentrated in New England and the Middle Colonies. They called for a re-birth, “A return to the strong faith of earlier days.” Why would this movement not take hold in the South?

28. The Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards

29. The Family is the Foundation of Colonial Society Women: Cooked, made butter and cheese, made clothes, tended livestock, etc. Men: Worked the fields, built houses and barns, represented family in community

30. Boys: Indentured servants or apprentices Young Women: Maids, cooks, nurses, until married.

31. Colonists valued education and children were usually taught to read and write at home. Pennsylvania and Massachusetts set up public school systems – by law.

34. The Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment was an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It reached the colonies It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in church and state Politically the age is distinguished by an emphasis upon liberty, democracy, republicanism and religious tolerance Thoughts start colonies on road to revolution and independence Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson and others

35. Freedom of the Press  English Right of Free Speech  Zenger v. Royal Governor  Zenger was put on trial for libel (printed an article the criticized governor)  Found INNOCENT  Foundation for freedom of press

36. Objectives: 1.Describe the triangular trade and how it affected colonial society. 2.Analyze why slavery grows in America. 3.Explain the differences between the regions of the English Colonies as they developed.